Table of Contents

 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

 

x   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)  
  OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934  
  For the Quarterly Period Ended: June 30, 2014                        
 

 

OR

 

 
¨   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)  
  OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934  

For the Transition Period from                      to                     .

Commission File Number 1-13759

 

 

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

Maryland   68-0329422

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

One Belvedere Place, Suite 300

Mill Valley, California

  94941
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

(415) 389-7373

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Not Applicable

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x   No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x        Accelerated filer ¨        Non-accelerated filer ¨        Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

    Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share    83,119,423 shares outstanding as of August 4, 2014      

 

 

 


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.

2014 FORM 10-Q REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

              Page    
PART I      
Item 1.    Financial Statements     1
   Consolidated Balance Sheets at June 30, 2014 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2013     1
   Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 (Unaudited)     2
   Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 (Unaudited)     3
   Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 (Unaudited)     4
   Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 (Unaudited)     5
   Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements     6
Item 2.    Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    65
Item 3.    Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    114
Item 4.    Controls and Procedures    114
PART II      
Item 1.    Legal Proceedings    115
Item 1A.    Risk Factors    116
Item 2.    Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds    116
Item 3.    Defaults Upon Senior Securities    116
Item 4.    Mine Safety Disclosures (Not Applicable)    117
Item 5.    Other Information    117
Item 6.    Exhibits    118
Signatures       120

 

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Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

                                                             

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

(Unaudited)

        June 30, 2014             December 31, 2013    

 

ASSETS

 

   

Residential loans, held-for-sale, at fair value

   $ 1,107,877         $ 404,267     

Residential loans, held-for-investment

    1,616,504          1,762,167     

Commercial loans, held-for-sale, at fair value

    50,848          89,111     

Commercial loans, held-for-investment (includes $71,270 and $0 at fair value)

    417,918          343,344     

Real estate securities, at fair value

    1,845,067          1,682,861     

Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value

    71,225          64,824     

Cash and cash equivalents

    157,079          173,201     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total earning assets

    5,266,518          4,519,775     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Restricted cash

    393          398     

Accrued interest receivable

    15,109          13,475     

Derivative assets

    7,514          7,787     

Deferred securities issuance costs

    11,252          13,453     

Other assets

    77,764          53,640     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Assets (1)

   $ 5,378,550         $ 4,608,528     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY    

Liabilities

   

Short-term debt

   $ 1,718,430         $ 862,763     

Accrued interest payable

    7,154          6,366     

Derivative liabilities

    39,837          18,167     

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

    42,223          48,704     

Deferred tax liability

    7,316          7,316     

Asset-backed securities issued

    1,768,078          1,942,962     

Long-term debt (includes $66,692 and $0 at fair value)

    546,608          476,467     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total liabilities (1)

    4,129,646          3,362,745     

Equity

   

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 180,000,000 shares authorized; 83,080,118 and 82,504,801 issued and outstanding

    831          825     

Additional paid-in capital

    1,764,386          1,760,899     

Accumulated other comprehensive income

    167,557          148,766     

Cumulative earnings

    834,648          806,298     

Cumulative distributions to stockholders

    (1,518,518)                     (1,471,005)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity

    1,248,904          1,245,783     
             
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Liabilities and Equity

   $                 5,378,550         $                 4,608,528     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

Our consolidated balance sheets include assets of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that can only be used to settle obligations of these VIEs and liabilities of consolidated VIEs for which creditors do not have recourse to the primary beneficiary (Redwood Trust, Inc.). At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, assets of consolidated VIEs totaled $2,125,423 and $2,299,576, respectively, and liabilities of consolidated VIEs totaled $1,769,851 and $1,944,911, respectively. See Note 4 for further discussion.

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

                                                                                       
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)      Three Months Ended June 30,             Six Months Ended June 30,       

(Unaudited)

  2014     2013     2014     2013  

Interest Income

       

Residential loans

   $ 13,601         $ 18,845         $ 26,259         $ 36,469     

Commercial loans

    11,217          9,623          21,601          19,794     

Real estate securities

    33,170          29,114          65,601          54,831     

Cash and cash equivalents

    5          137          8          149     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest income

    57,993          57,719          113,469          111,243     

Interest Expense

       

Short-term debt

    (5,142)         (4,686)         (8,969)         (8,494)    

Asset-backed securities issued

    (8,183)         (10,250)         (16,624)         (21,210)    

Long-term debt

    (7,826)         (6,480)         (14,618)         (10,014)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total interest expense

    (21,151)         (21,416)         (40,211)         (39,718)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Interest Income

    36,842          36,303          73,258          71,525     

Reversal of provision (provision) for loan losses

    315          3,272          (967)         1,233     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Interest Income After Provision

    37,157          39,575          72,291          72,758     

Noninterest Income

       

Mortgage banking activities, net

    6,310          48,723          6,079          94,260     

Mortgage servicing rights income (loss), net

    (1,777)         10,547          (1,171)         11,568     

Other market valuation adjustments, net (1)

    (4,121)         (6,258)         (10,260)         (6,561)    

Realized gains, net

    1,063          556          2,155          12,823     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total noninterest income (loss), net

    1,475          53,568          (3,197)         112,090     

Operating expenses

    (22,282)         (24,430)         (42,254)         (44,616)    

Net income before provision for income taxes

    16,350          68,713          26,840          140,232     

 (Provision for) benefit from income taxes

    (333)         (3,140)         1,510          (14,049)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net Income

   $ 16,017         $ 65,573         $ 28,350         $ 126,183     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Basic earnings per common share

   $ 0.19         $ 0.78         $ 0.33         $ 1.50     

Diluted earnings per common share

   $ 0.18         $ 0.71         $ 0.32         $ 1.40     

Regular dividends declared per common share

   $ 0.28         $ 0.28         $ 0.56         $ 0.56     

Basic weighted average shares outstanding

    82,740,012          82,123,823          82,575,636          81,729,014     

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding

        85,032,998              96,171,713              84,994,321              91,647,400     

 

 

 

  (1)

For the three months ended June 30, 2014, other-than-temporary impairments were $2,915, of which $264 were recognized through the Income Statement, and $2,651 were recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. For the three months ended June 30, 2013, other-than-temporary impairments were $1,642, of which none was recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.

For the six months ended June 30, 2014, other-than-temporary impairments were $4,585, of which $377 were recognized through the Income Statement, and $4,208 were recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. For the six months ended June 30, 2013, other-than-temporary impairments were $1,666, of which none was recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

                                                                       
(In Thousands)     Three Months Ended June 30,        Six Months Ended June 30,   

(Unaudited)

   2014      2013      2014      2013  

Net Income

    $ 16,017          $ 65,573          $ 28,350          $ 126,183     

Other comprehensive income (loss):

           

Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale securities

     12,721           (38,012)          33,229           (28,982)    

Reclassification of unrealized (gain) loss on available-for-sale securities to net income

     (454)          (242)          (341)          (12,249)    

Net unrealized (loss) gain on interest rate agreements

     (5,401)          13,585           (14,196)          21,025     

Reclassification of unrealized loss on interest rate agreements to net income

     39           69           99           157     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive income (loss)

     6,905           (24,600)          18,791           (20,049)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Comprehensive Income

    $         22,922          $         40,973          $         47,141          $        106,134     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

 

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2014

 

       Common Stock          Additional       Accumulated
Other
         

Cumulative

       

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

(Unaudited)

     Shares        Amount     Paid-In
Capital
      Comprehensive  
Income
     Cumulative 
Earnings
    Distributions
to Stockholders
         Total       

December 31, 2013

    82,504,801         $ 825         $    1,760,899         $ 148,766         $ 806,298         $ (1,471,005)        $ 1,245,783     

Net income

    -              -              -              -              28,350          -              28,350     

Other comprehensive income

    -              -              -              18,791          -              -              18,791     

Issuance of common stock:

             

Dividend reinvestment & stock purchase plans

    179,187          2          3,473          -              -              -              3,475     

Employee stock purchase and incentive plans

    396,130          4          (6,667)         -              -              -              (6,663)    

Non-cash equity award compensation

    -              -              6,681          -              -              -              6,681     

Common dividends declared

    -              -              -              -              -              (47,513)         (47,513)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

June 30, 2014

     83,080,118         $    831         $ 1,764,386         $      167,557         $     834,648         $      (1,518,518)        $    1,248,904     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

For the Six Months Ended June 30, 2013

 

  

    Common Stock     Additional     Accumulated
Other
         

Cumulative

       

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

(Unaudited)

  Shares     Amount     Paid-In
Capital
      Comprehensive  
Income
     Cumulative 
Earnings
    Distributions
to Stockholders
    Total  

December 31, 2012

    81,716,416         $ 817         $ 1,744,554         $ 138,332         $ 633,052         $ (1,376,591)        $ 1,140,164     

Net income

    -              -              -              -              126,183          -              126,183     

Other comprehensive income

    -              -              -              (20,049)         -              -              (20,049)    

Issuance of common stock:

             

Dividend reinvestment & stock purchase plans

    321,120          3          6,043          -              -              -              6,046     

Employee stock purchase and incentive plans

    294,200          3          (5,454)         -              -              -              (5,451)    

Non-cash equity award compensation

    -              -              9,515          -              -              -              9,515     

Common dividends declared

    -              -              -              -              -              (47,095)         (47,095)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

June 30, 2013

    82,331,736         $ 823         $ 1,754,658         $ 118,283         $ 759,235         $ (1,423,686)        $ 1,209,313     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

(In Thousands)   Six Months Ended June 30,  

(Unaudited)

             2014                           2013             

Cash Flows From Operating Activities:

   

Net income

   $ 28,350         $ 126,183     

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:

      -         

Amortization of premiums, discounts, and securities issuance costs, net

    (17,521)         (11,780)    

Depreciation and amortization of non-financial assets

    232          224     

Purchases of loans

    (3,118,457)         (5,457,558)    

Proceeds from sales of held-for-sale loans

    2,339,023          4,345,361     

Principal payments on held-for-sale loans

    12,100          5,169     

Net settlements of derivatives

    (14,873)         9,784     

Provision (reversal of provision) for loan losses

    967          (1,233)    

Non-cash equity award compensation expense

    6,681          9,515     

Market valuation adjustments, net

    14,034          (84,560)    

Realized gains, net

    (2,155)         (23,854)    

Net change in:

   

Accrued interest receivable and other assets

    (23,935)         (10,871)    

Accrued interest payable, deferred tax liabilities, and accrued expenses and other liabilities

    (10,655)         61,186     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

    (786,209)         (1,032,434)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:

   

Purchases of loans held-for-investment

    (38,991)         (54,539)    

Proceeds from sales of held-for-investment loans

    -              440     

Principal payments on held-for-investment loans

    146,656          284,076     

Purchases of real estate securities

    (126,162)         (0)    

Proceeds from sales of real estate securities

    1,313          22,518     

Principal payments on real estate securities

    95,303          81,250     

Purchase of mortgage servicing rights

    (3,054)         -         

Net change in restricted cash

    5          (22)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by investing activities

    75,070          333,723     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:

   

Proceeds from borrowings on short-term debt

    2,417,438          3,989,557     

Repayments on short-term debt

                (1,561,771)                     (3,095,514)    

Repayments on asset-backed securities issued

    (174,861)         (313,848)    

Deferred securities issuance costs

    -              (9,184)    

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

    69,181          304,100     

Repayments on long-term debt

    (685)         (9)    

Net settlements of derivatives

    (1,650)         (5)    

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock

    1,787          3,064     

Taxes paid on equity award distributions

    (6,909)         (5,741)    

Dividends paid

    (47,513)         (47,095)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

    695,017          825,325     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents

    (16,122)         126,614     

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

    173,201          81,080     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

   $ 157,079         $ 207,694     
 

 

 

   

 

 

 

Supplemental Cash Flow Information:

   

Cash paid during the period for:

   

Interest

   $ 38,158         $ 37,581     

Taxes

    1,399          1,097     

Supplemental Noncash Information:

   

Real estate securities retained from loan securitizations

   $ 85,000         $ 290,253     

Retention of mortgage servicing rights from loan securitizations and sales

    11,976          28,614     

Transfers from loans held-for-sale to loans held-for-investment

    37,631          -         

Transfers from residential loans to real estate owned

    1,832          2,687     

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Redwood Trust

Redwood Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, is a specialty finance company focused on investing in mortgage- and other real estate-related assets and engaging in residential and commercial mortgage banking activities. We seek to invest in real estate-related assets that have the potential to generate attractive cash flow returns over time and to generate income through our residential and commercial mortgage banking activities. We operate our business in three segments: residential mortgage banking, residential investments, and commercial mortgage banking and investments.

Our primary sources of income are net interest income from our investment portfolios and noninterest income from our mortgage banking activities. Net interest income consists of the interest income we earn on investments less the interest expense we incur on borrowed funds and other liabilities. Income from mortgage banking activities consists of the profit we seek to generate through the acquisition or origination of loans and their subsequent sale or securitization. References herein to “Redwood,” the “company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” include Redwood Trust, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires.

Redwood was incorporated in the State of Maryland on April 11, 1994, and commenced operations on August 19, 1994. Our executive offices are located at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements presented herein are at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, and for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America — as prescribed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) — and using the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) instructions to Form 10-Q.

Organization

For tax purposes, Redwood Trust, Inc. is structured as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). We generally refer, collectively, to Redwood Trust, Inc. and those of its subsidiaries that are not subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as “the REIT” or “our REIT.” We generally refer to subsidiaries of Redwood Trust, Inc. that are subject to subsidiary-level corporate income tax as “our operating subsidiaries” or “our taxable REIT subsidiaries” or “TRS.” Our mortgage banking activities are generally carried out through our taxable REIT subsidiaries, while our portfolio of mortgage- and other real estate-related investments is primarily held at our REIT. We generally intend to retain profits generated and taxed at our taxable REIT subsidiaries, and to distribute as dividends at least 90% of the income we generate at our REIT.

We sponsor our Sequoia securitization program, which we use for the securitization of residential mortgage loans. References to Sequoia with respect to any time or period generally refer collectively to all the then consolidated Sequoia securitization entities for the periods presented. We have also engaged in securitization transactions in order to obtain financing for certain of our securities and commercial loans.

Principles of Consolidation

We apply FASB guidance to determine whether we must consolidate transferred financial assets and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for financial reporting purposes. We currently consolidate the assets and liabilities of certain Sequoia securitization entities where we maintain an ongoing involvement, as well as an entity formed in connection with a resecuritization transaction we engaged in during 2011 (“Residential Resecuritization”), and an entity formed in connection with a commercial securitization we engaged in during 2012 (“Commercial Securitization”). Each securitization entity is independent of Redwood and of each other and the assets and liabilities are not owned by and are not legal obligations of Redwood Trust, Inc. Our exposure to these entities is primarily through the financial interests we have retained in them, although we are also exposed to certain financial risks associated with our role as a sponsor, manager, or depositor of these entities or as a result of our having sold assets directly or indirectly to these entities.

For financial reporting purposes, the underlying loans and securities owned at the consolidated Sequoia entities, the Residential Resecuritization entity, and the Commercial Securitization entity are shown under residential and commercial loans and real estate securities on our consolidated balance sheets. The asset-backed securities (“ABS”) issued to third parties by these entities are shown

 

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Note 2. Basis of Presentation — (continued)

 

under ABS issued. In our consolidated statements of income, we record interest income on the loans and securities owned at these entities and interest expense on the ABS issued by these entities.

See Note 4 for further discussion on principles of consolidation.

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires us to make a number of significant estimates. These include estimates of fair value of certain assets and liabilities, amounts and timing of credit losses, prepayment rates, and other estimates that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of certain revenues and expenses during the reported period. It is likely that changes in these estimates (e.g., valuation changes due to supply and demand, credit performance, prepayments, interest rates, or other reasons) will occur in the near term. Our estimates are inherently subjective in nature and actual results could differ from our estimates and the differences could be material.

Fair Value Measurements

Our financial statements include assets and liabilities that are measured at their estimated fair values in accordance with GAAP. A fair value measurement represents the price at which an orderly transaction would occur between willing market participants at the measurement date. We develop fair values for financial assets or liabilities based on available inputs and pricing that is observed in the marketplace. Examples of market information that we attempt to obtain include the following:

 

   

Quoted prices for the same or similar securities;

 

   

Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies;

 

   

The current level of interest rates and any directional movements in relevant indices, such as credit risk indices;

 

   

Information about the performance of mortgage loans, such as delinquency and foreclosure rates, loss experience, and prepayment rates;

 

   

Indicative prices or yields from broker/dealers (including prices from counterparties under securities repurchase agreements); and,

 

   

Other relevant observable inputs, including nonperformance risk and liquidity premiums.

After considering all available indications of the appropriate rate of return that market participants would require, we consider the reasonableness of the range indicated by the results to determine an estimate that is most representative of fair value.

The markets for many of the loans and securities that we invest in and issue are generally illiquid. Establishing fair values for illiquid assets and liabilities is inherently subjective and is often dependent upon our estimates and modeling assumptions. If we determine that either the volume and/or level of trading activity for an asset or liability has significantly decreased from normal market conditions, or price quotations or observable inputs are not associated with orderly transactions, the market inputs that we obtain might not be relevant. For example, broker or pricing service quotes might not be relevant if an active market does not exist for the financial asset or liability. The nature of the quote (for example, whether the quote is an indicative price or a binding offer) is also evaluated.

In circumstances where relevant market inputs cannot be obtained, increased analysis and management judgment are required to estimate fair value. This generally requires us to establish internal assumptions about future cash flows and appropriate risk-adjusted discount rates. Regardless of the valuation inputs we apply, the objective of fair value measurement is unchanged from what it would be if markets were operating at normal activity levels and/or transactions were orderly; that is, to determine the current exit price.

See Note 5 for further discussion on fair value measurements.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

Fair Value Option

We have the option to measure eligible financial assets, financial liabilities, and commitments at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis. This option is available when we first recognize a financial asset or financial liability or enter into a firm commitment. Subsequent changes in the fair value of assets, liabilities, and commitments where we have elected the fair value option are recorded in our consolidated statements of income.

We elect the fair value option for certain residential and commercial loans, Sequoia IO securities and mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”). We generally elect the fair value option for residential and commercial loans that are held-for-sale, due to our intent to sell or securitize the loans in the near-term. We generally elect the fair value option for Sequoia IO securities as we use these in part to hedge certain risks associated with our residential loans held-for-sale. We elect the fair value option for our MSRs in order to reflect the current value of these investments in our financial position and results each period. We also elect the fair value option for certain secured borrowings we may recognize when the sale of commercial loans do not meet the sale criteria in ASC 860.

See Note 5 for further discussion on the fair value option.

Real Estate Loans

Residential and Commercial Loans — Held-for-Sale at Fair Value

Residential and commercial loans held-for-sale include loans that we are marketing for sale to third parties, including transfers to securitization entities that we plan to sponsor and expect to be accounted for as sales for financial reporting purposes. We generally elect the fair value option for residential and commercial loans that we purchase with the intent to sell to third parties or transfer to Sequoia securitizations. Coupon interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due. Changes in fair value are recurring and are reported through our consolidated statements of income in mortgage banking activities, net.

Residential and Commercial Loans — Held-for-Investment

Commercial Loans — Fair Value

We may elect the fair value option for senior commercial mortgage loans that we originate or acquire that are bifurcated into a senior portion that is sold to a third party and a junior portion that we retain as an investment. When the transfer of the senior portion does not meet the criteria for sale treatment under GAAP, the entire loan (the senior and junior portions) remains on our consolidated balance sheet and we account for the transfer of the senior portion as a secured liability. Coupon interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due. Changes in fair value are recurring and are reported through our consolidated statements of income in mortgage banking activities, net.

Residential and Commercial Loans — At Amortized Cost

Loans held-for-investment include residential loans owned at consolidated Sequoia entities and commercial loans owned at the Commercial Securitization entity and by us, net of any allowance for loan losses. Coupon interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due or has been individually impaired, at which point the loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Interest previously accrued for loans that have become greater than 90 days past due or individually impaired is reserved for in the allowance for loan losses. Residential loans delinquent more than 90 days or in foreclosure are characterized as a serious delinquency. Cash principal and interest that is advanced from servicers subsequent to a loan becoming greater than 90 days past due or individually impaired is accounted for as a reduction in the outstanding loan principal balance. When a seriously delinquent loan previously placed on nonaccrual status has cured, meaning all delinquent principal and interest have been remitted by the borrower, the loan is placed back on accrual status. Alternately, loans that have been individually impaired may be placed back on accrual status if restructured and after the loan is considered reperforming. A restructured loan is considered reperforming when the loan has been current for at least 12 months.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

We use the interest method to determine an effective yield to amortize the premium or discount on real estate loans held-for-investment. For residential loans acquired prior to July 1, 2004, we use coupon interest rates as they change over time and anticipated principal payments to determine periodic amortization. For residential and commercial loans acquired after July 1, 2004, we use the initial coupon interest rate of the loans (without regard to future changes in the underlying indices) and anticipated principal payments, if any, to determine periodic amortization.

We reclassify loans held-for-investment as loans held-for-sale if we determine that these loans will be sold or transferred to third parties. This may occur, for example, if we exercise our right to call ABS issued by a Sequoia securitization trust and decide to subsequently sell the underlying loans to third parties.

See Note 6 for further discussion on residential loans. See Note 7 for further discussion on commercial loans.

Residential Loans — Allowance for Loan Losses

For residential loans classified as held-for-investment, we establish and maintain an allowance for loan losses based on our estimate of credit losses inherent in our loan portfolios at the reporting date. To calculate the allowance for loan losses, we assess inherent losses by determining loss factors (defaults, the timing of defaults, and loss severities upon defaults) that can be specifically applied to each loan or pool of loans.

We consider the following factors in evaluating the allowance for loan losses:

 

   

Ongoing analyses of loans, including, but not limited to, the age of loans and year of origination, underwriting standards, business climate, economic conditions, and other observable data;

 

   

Historical loss rates and past performance of similar loans;

 

   

Relevant market research and publicly available third-party reference loss rates;

 

   

Trends in delinquencies and charge-offs;

 

   

Effects and changes in credit concentrations;

 

   

Information supporting a borrower’s ability to meet obligations;

 

   

Ongoing evaluations of fair values of collateral using current appraisals and other valuations; and,

 

   

Discounted cash flow analyses.

Once we determine the amount of defaults, the timing of the defaults, and severity of losses upon the defaults, we estimate expected losses for each individual loan or pool of loans over its expected life. We then estimate the timing of these losses and the losses probable to occur over an appropriate loss confirmation period. This period is defined as the range of time between the occurrence of a credit loss (such as the initial deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition) and the confirmation of that loss (the actual impairment or charge-off of the loan). The losses expected to occur within the estimated loss confirmation period are the basis of our allowance for loan losses, since we believe these losses exist at the reported date of the financial statements. We re-evaluate the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses quarterly.

As part of the loss mitigation efforts undertaken by servicers of residential loans owned at Sequoia securitization entities, a number of loan modifications have been completed to help make mortgage loans more affordable for certain borrowers. Loan modifications may include, but are not limited to: (i) conversion of a floating rate mortgage loan into a fixed rate mortgage loan; (ii) reduction in the contractual interest rate of a mortgage loan; (iii) forgiveness of a portion of the contractual interest and/or principal amounts owed on a mortgage loan; and, (iv) extension of the contractual maturity of a mortgage loan. We evaluate all loan modifications performed by servicers to determine if they constitute troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) according to GAAP. If a loan is determined to be a TDR, it is removed from the general loan pools used for calculating allowances for loan losses and assessed

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

for impairment on an individual basis based upon any adverse change in the expected future cash flows resulting from the modification. This difference is recorded to the provision for loan losses in our consolidated statements of income.

When foreclosed property is received in full satisfaction for a defaulted loan, we estimate the fair value of the property, based on estimated net proceeds from the sale of the property (including servicer advances and other costs). To the extent that the fair value of the property is below the recorded investment of the loan, we record a charge against the allowance for loan losses for the difference. Foreclosed property is subsequently recorded as real estate owned (“REO”), a component of other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Actual losses incurred on loans liquidated through a short-sale are also charged against the allowance for loan losses.

See Note 6 for further discussion on the allowance for loan losses for residential loans.

Commercial Loans — Allowance for Loan Losses

For commercial loans classified as held-for-investment, we establish and maintain a general allowance for loan losses inherent in our portfolio at the reporting date and, where appropriate, a specific allowance for loan losses for loans we have determined to be impaired at the reporting date. An individual loan is considered impaired when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan.

Our methodology for assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses begins with a formal review of each commercial loan in the portfolio and the assignment of an internal impairment status. Reviews are performed at least quarterly. We consider the following factors in evaluating each loan:

 

   

Loan to value ratios upon origination or acquisition of the loan;

 

   

The most recent financial information available for each loan and associated properties, including net operating income, debt service coverage ratios, occupancy rates, rent rolls, as well as any other loss factors we consider relevant, such as, but not limited to, specific loan trigger events that would indicate an adverse change in expected cash flows or payment delinquency;

 

   

Economic trends, both macroeconomic as well as those directly affecting the properties associated with our loans, and the supply and demand of competing projects in the sub-market in which the subject property is located; and,

 

   

The loan sponsor or borrowing entity’s ability to ensure that properties associated with the loan are managed and operated sufficiently.

Loan reviews are completed by asset management and finance personnel and reviewed and approved by senior management.

Based on the assigned internal impairment status, a loan is categorized as “Pass,” “Watch List,” or “Workout.” Pass loans are defined as loans that are performing in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Watch List loans are defined as performing loans for which the timing of cost recovery is under review. Workout loans are defined as loans that we believe have a credit impairment that may lead to a realized loss. Workout loans are typically assessed for impairment on an individual basis. Where an individual commercial loan is impaired, we record an allowance to reduce the carrying value of the loan to the current present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective rate or if a loan is collateral dependent, we reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair market value of the loan, with a corresponding charge to provision for loan losses on our consolidated statements of income.

For all commercial loans that are not individually impaired, we assess the commercial loan portfolio in aggregate for loan losses based on our expectation of credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the reporting date. Our expectation of credit losses is informed by, among other things:

 

   

Historical loss rates and past performance of similar loans in our own portfolio, if any;

 

   

Publicly available third-party reference loss rates on similar loans; and,

 

   

Trends in delinquencies and charge-offs in our own portfolio and among industry participants.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

See Note 7 for further discussion on the allowance for loan losses for commercial loans.

Repurchase Reserves

We sell residential mortgage loans to various parties, including (1) securitization trusts, (2) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (the “Agencies”), and (3) banks and other financial institutions that purchase mortgage loans. We also purchase mortgage servicing rights. We may be required to repurchase residential mortgage loans in the event of a breach of specified contractual representations and warranties made in connection with these sales and purchases. We do not originate residential mortgage loans and believe the initial risk of loss due to loan repurchases (i.e., due to a breach of representations and warranties) would generally be a contingency to the companies from whom we acquired the loans. However, in some cases, such as where loans were acquired from companies that have since become insolvent, we may be required to repurchase loans.

We establish reserves for mortgage repurchase liabilities related to various representations and warranties that reflect management’s estimate of losses for loans for which we could have a repurchase obligation, based on a combination of factors. Such factors can include estimated future defaults and loan repurchase rates, the potential severity of loss in the event of defaults, and the probability of our being liable for a repurchase obligation. We establish a reserve at the time loans are sold and continually update our reserve estimate during its life. The reserve for mortgage loan repurchase losses is included in other liabilities on our consolidated balance sheets and the related expense is included as a component of mortgage banking activities, net on our consolidated statements of income.

See Note 15 for further discussion on the residential repurchase reserves.

We have originated and sold commercial mortgage loans and have made standard representations and warranties upon sale of the loans to the loan purchasers, and in some cases, to securitization trusts. We review the need for a repurchase reserve related to these commercial loans on an ongoing basis and are not aware of any breaches of representations and warranties related to these loans.

Real Estate Securities, at Fair Value

We classify our real estate securities as trading or available-for-sale securities. We use the “prime” or “non-prime” designation to categorize our residential securities based upon the general credit characteristics of the residential loans underlying each security at the time of origination. For example, prime residential loans are generally characterized by lower loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios at the time the loans were originated, and are made to borrowers with higher Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) scores. Non-prime residential loans are generally characterized by higher LTV ratios at the time the loans were originated and may have been made to borrowers with lower credit scores or impaired credit histories (while exhibiting the ability to repay their loans) at the time the loan was originated. Regardless of whether or not the loans underlying a residential security were designated as prime or non-prime at origination, there is a risk that the borrower may not be able to repay the loan.

Trading Securities

We primarily denote trading securities as those securities where we have adopted the fair value option. Trading securities are carried at their estimated fair values and coupon interest is recognized as interest income when earned and deemed collectible. Changes in the fair value of Sequoia IO and senior securities designated as trading securities are reported in mortgage banking activities, net, a component of our consolidated statements of income. Changes in the fair value of other trading securities are reported through our consolidated statements of income in other market valuation adjustments, net.

Available-for-Sale Securities

AFS securities primarily consist of non-agency residential mortgage backed securities (“RMBS”) and may include other residential and commercial securities. Non-agency RMBS are not issued or guaranteed by a federally chartered corporation, such as Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or any agency of the U.S. Government. AFS securities are carried at their estimated fair value with unrealized gains and losses excluded from earnings (except when an other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) is recognized, as discussed below) and reported in accumulated other comprehensive income (“AOCI”), a component of stockholders’ equity.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

Interest income on AFS securities is accrued based on their outstanding principal balance and contractual terms and interest income is recognized based on the security’s effective interest rate. In order to calculate the effective interest rate, we must project cash flows over the remaining life of each security and make assumptions with regards to interest rates, prepayment rates, the timing and amount of credit losses, and other factors. On at least a quarterly basis, we review and, if appropriate, make adjustments to our cash flow projections based on input and analysis received from external sources, internal models, and our own judgments about interest rates, prepayment rates, the timing and amount of credit losses, and other factors. Changes in cash flows from those originally projected, or from those estimated at the last evaluation, may result in a prospective change in the yield/interest income recognized on these securities or in the recognition of OTTI as discussed below.

For AFS securities purchased and held at a discount, a portion of the discount may be designated as non-accretable purchase discount (“credit reserve”), based on the cash flows we have projected for the security. The amount designated as credit reserve may be adjusted over time, based on our periodic evaluation of projected cash flows. If the performance of a security with a credit reserve is more favorable than previously forecasted, a portion of the credit reserve may be reallocated to accretable discount and recognized into interest income over time. Conversely, if the performance of a security with a credit reserve is less favorable than forecasted, the amount designated as credit reserve may be increased, or impairment charges and write-downs of such securities to a new cost basis could result.

When the fair value of an AFS security is less than its amortized cost at the reporting date, the security is considered impaired. We assess our impaired securities at least quarterly to determine if the impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary (resulting in an OTTI). If we either — (i) intend to sell the impaired security; (ii) will more likely than not be required to sell the impaired security before it recovers in value; or (iii) if there has been an adverse change in cash flows — the impairment is deemed an OTTI. In the case of criteria (i) and (ii), we record the entire difference between the security’s estimated fair value and its amortized cost at the reporting date in our consolidated statements of income. If there has been an adverse change in cash flows, only the portion of the OTTI related to “credit” losses is recognized through other market valuation adjustments, net on our consolidated statements of income, with the remaining “non-credit” portion recognized through AOCI on our consolidated balance sheet. If the first two criteria are not met and there has not been an adverse change in cash flows, the impairment is considered temporary and the entire unrealized loss is recognized through AOCI on our consolidated balance sheets.

For impaired AFS securities, to determine if there has been an adverse change in cash flows and if any portion of a resulting OTTI is related to credit losses, we compare the present value of the cash flows expected to be collected as of the current financial reporting date to the amortized cost basis of the security. The discount rate used to calculate the present value of expected future cash flows is the current yield used for income recognition purposes. If the present value of the current expected cash flows is less than the amortized cost basis, there has been an adverse change and the security is considered OTTI with the difference between these two amounts representing the credit loss. The determination as to whether an OTTI exists and, if so, the amount of credit impairment recognized in earnings is subjective, and based on information available at the time of the assessment as well as our estimates of future performance and cash flows. As a result, the timing and amount of OTTI constitute a material estimate that is susceptible to significant change.

See Note 8 for further discussion on real estate securities.

MSRs

We recognize MSRs through the retention of servicing rights associated with residential mortgage loans that we have acquired and subsequently transferred to third parties (including the Agencies) or through the direct acquisition of MSRs sold by third parties. Typically, our MSRs are created through the transfer of loans to a third party or to a Sequoia residential mortgage securitization sponsored by us that meets the GAAP criteria for sale accounting.

Our MSRs are held and managed at Redwood Residential Acquisition Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of RWT Holdings, Inc., which is a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours. We contract with a licensed sub-servicer to perform servicing functions for loans associated with our MSRs. We have elected the fair value option for all of our MSRs, and they are initially recognized and carried at their estimated fair values. Income from MSRs and changes in the estimated fair value of MSRs are reported in MSR income, net, a component of our consolidated statements of income.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

See Note 9 for further discussion on MSRs.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include non-restricted cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash primarily includes principal and interest payments that are collateral for, or payable to, owners of ABS issued by consolidated securitization entities. Restricted cash may also include cash retained in the Sequoia securitization entities or in the Residential Resecuritization or Commercial Securitization entities prior to the payments on or redemptions of outstanding ABS issued.

Accrued Interest Receivable

Accrued interest receivable includes interest that is due and payable to us and deemed collectible. Cash interest is generally received within thirty days of recording the receivable. For financial assets where we have elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest receivable on these assets is measured at fair value. For financial assets where we have not elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest carrying values approximate fair values.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative financial instruments we typically utilize include swaps, swaptions, financial futures contracts, CMBX credit default index swaps, and “To Be Announced” (“TBA”) contracts. These derivatives are primarily used to manage interest rate risk associated with our operations. In addition, we enter into certain residential loan purchase commitments (“LPCs”) and residential loan forward sale commitments (“FSCs”) that are treated as derivatives for financial reporting purposes. All derivative financial instruments are recorded at their estimated fair values on our consolidated balance sheets. Derivatives with positive fair values to us are reported as assets and derivatives with negative fair values to us are reported as liabilities. We classify each derivative as either (i) a trading instrument (no specific hedging designation for financial reporting purposes) or (ii) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge).

Changes in the fair values of derivatives accounted for as trading instruments, including any associated interest income or expense, are recorded in our consolidated statements of income through other market valuation adjustments, net, to the extent they are used to manage risks associated with our residential investment portfolio. Derivatives used to manage certain risks associated with our residential and commercial mortgage banking activities, including valuation changes related to residential LPCs and FSCs, are included in mortgage banking activities, net, on our consolidated statements of income.

Changes in the fair values of derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges, to the extent they are effective, are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of equity on our consolidated balance sheets. Interest income or expense, and any ineffectiveness associated with these derivatives, are recorded as a component of net interest income in our consolidated statements of income. We measure the effective portion of cash flow hedges by comparing the change in fair value of the expected future variable cash flows of the derivative hedging instruments with the change in fair value of the expected future variable cash flows of the hedged item.

We will discontinue a designated cash flow hedging relationship if (i) we determine that the hedging derivative is no longer expected to be effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the designated hedged item; (ii) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised; (iii) the derivative is de-designated as a cash flow hedge; or, (iv) it is probable that a forecasted transaction associated with the hedged item will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period. To the extent we de-designate or terminate a cash flow hedging relationship and the associated hedged item continues to exist, any unrealized gain or loss of the cash flow hedge at the time of de-designation remains in accumulated other comprehensive income and is amortized using the straight-line method through interest expense over the remaining life of the hedged item.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

Swaps and Swaptions

Interest rate swaps are agreements in which (i) one counterparty exchanges a stream of fixed interest payments for another counterparty’s stream of variable interest cash flows; or, (ii) each counterparty exchanges variable interest cash flows that are referenced to different indices. Interest rate swaptions are agreements that provide the owner the right but not the obligation to enter into an underlying interest rate swap with a counterparty in the future. Interest rate caps are agreements in which the owner receives payments at the end of each period for which the prevailing interest rate exceeds an agreed upon strike price. We enter into interest rate agreements primarily to reduce significant changes in our income or equity caused by interest rate volatility. Certain of these interest rate agreements may be designated as cash flow hedges.

Eurodollar Futures and Financial Futures

Eurodollar futures are futures contracts on time deposits denominated in U.S. dollars at banks outside the United States. Eurodollar futures, unlike our other derivatives, have maturities of only three months. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired interest rate offset necessary to manage our risk, consecutively maturing contracts are required, resulting in a stated notional amount that is typically higher than our other derivatives. Financial futures are futures contracts on benchmark U.S. Treasury rates.

TBA Contracts

TBA contracts are forward contracts to purchase mortgage-backed securities that will be issued by a U.S. government sponsored enterprise in the future. We purchase or sell these derivatives to offset — to varying degrees — changes in the values of mortgage products for which we have exposure to interest rate volatility.

Credit Default Index Swaps

Credit default index swaps include instruments such as CMBX, which are indexes referencing tranches from 25 different commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) deals, each with different credit ratings. The CMBX indexes enable participants to hedge or gain exposure to a series of similar CMBS securities. We utilize CMBX to hedge certain risks related to senior commercial mortgage loans we originate for sale into CMBS.

Loan Purchase and Forward Sale Commitments

We use the term LPCs to refer to agreements with third-party residential loan originators to purchase residential loans at a future date that qualify as a derivative under GAAP. LPCs are recorded at their estimated fair values on our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value are recurring and are reported through our consolidated statements of income in mortgage banking activities, net. We use the term FSCs to refer to agreements with third-parties to sell residential loans at a future date that also qualify as derivatives under GAAP. FSCs are recorded at their estimated fair values on our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value are recurring and are reported through our consolidated statements of income in mortgage banking activities, net.

See Note 10 for further discussion on derivative financial instruments.

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Our deferred tax assets/liabilities are generated by temporary differences in GAAP and taxable income at our taxable subsidiaries. These differences generally reflect differing accounting treatments for GAAP and tax, such as accounting for mortgage servicing rights, discount and premium amortization, credit losses, asset impairments, and certain valuation estimates. As a result of these differences, we may recognize taxable income in periods prior to when we recognize income for GAAP. When this occurs, we pay the tax liability as required and establish a deferred tax asset. As the income is subsequently realized in future periods under GAAP, the deferred tax asset is reduced. We may also recognize income under GAAP in periods prior to when we recognize the income for tax. When this occurs, we establish a deferred tax liability. As the income is subsequently realized in future periods for tax, the deferred tax liability is reduced.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We consider historical and projected future taxable income and capital gains as well as tax planning strategies in making this assessment. We determine the extent to which realization of this deferred asset is not assured and establish a valuation allowance accordingly. The estimate of net deferred tax assets could change in future periods to the extent that actual or revised estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward periods change from current expectations.

Deferred Securities Issuance Costs

Securities issuance costs are expenses associated with the issuance of long-term debt, and the ABS issued from the Residential Resecuritization, the Commercial Securitization, and Sequoia securitization entities we sponsor and consolidate for financial reporting purposes. These expenses typically include underwriting, rating agency, legal, accounting, and other fees. ABS issuance costs associated with liabilities reported at cost are deferred. Deferred securities issuance costs are reported on our consolidated balance sheets as deferred charges (an asset) and are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the interest method, based upon the actual and estimated repayment schedules of the related securities issued.

Other Assets

Other assets include margin and investment receivable, REO, income tax receivables, fixed assets, principal receivable, and other prepaid expenses and receivables.

REO property acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value, and subsequently reported at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value (less estimated cost to sell). Changes in the fair value of an REO property that has a fair value at or below its carrying amount are recorded in our consolidated statements of income as a component of other market valuation adjustments, net. Margin receivable reflects cash collateral we have posted with various counterparties relating to our derivative and lending agreements with those counterparties, as applicable.

See Note 11 for further discussion on other assets.

Short-Term Debt

Short-term debt includes borrowings under master repurchase agreements, loan warehouse facilities, and other forms of borrowings that expire within one year with various counterparties. These borrowings may be unsecured or collateralized by cash, loans, or securities. If the value (as determined by the applicable counterparty) of the collateral securing those borrowings decreases, we may be subject to margin calls during the period the borrowings are outstanding. In instances where we do not satisfy the margin calls within the required time frame, the counterparty may retain the collateral and pursue any outstanding debt amount from us.

See Note 12 for further discussion on short-term debt.

Accrued Interest Payable

Accrued interest payable includes interest that is due and payable to third parties. Interest is generally paid within one to three months of recording the payable, based upon our remittance requirements, and is paid semi-annually for our convertible debt. For borrowings where we have elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest on these liabilities is measured at fair value. For financial liabilities where we have not elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest carrying values approximate fair values.

Asset-Backed Securities Issued

ABS issued represents asset-backed securities issued by bankruptcy-remote entities sponsored and consolidated by Redwood. These entities include certain Sequoia entities, the Residential Resecuritization, and the Commercial Securitization. Assets at these entities are held in the custody of securitization trustees and are not owned by Redwood. These trustees collect principal and interest payments (less servicing and related fees) from the assets and make corresponding principal and interest payments to the ABS investors.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

ABS issued are carried at their unpaid principal balances net of any unamortized discount or premium.

See Note 13 for further discussion on ABS issued.

Long-Term Debt

Commercial Long-term Debt

Commercial long-term debt includes borrowings under a master repurchase agreement that expires in more than one year with a financial institution counterparty. These borrowings are collateralized by commercial loans. If the value (as determined by the applicable counterparty) of the collateral securing those borrowings decreases, we may be subject to margin calls during the period the borrowings are outstanding. In instances where we do not satisfy the margin calls within the required time frame, the counterparty may retain the collateral and pursue any outstanding debt amount from us.

Commercial Secured Borrowings

Commercial secured borrowings represent liabilities recognized in association with cash received from transfers of portions of senior commercial mortgage loans to third parties that did not meet the criteria for sale treatment under ASC 860 and were accounted for as financings. We elect the fair value option for these secured borrowings and they are held at their estimated fair value on our consolidated balance sheets.

Convertible Notes

Convertible notes include unsecured convertible senior notes and are carried at their unpaid principal balance. Interest on the notes is payable semiannually and the notes mature on April 15, 2018. If converted by a holder, upon conversion the holder of the notes would receive shares of our common stock.

Trust Preferred Securities and Subordinated Notes

Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes are carried at their unpaid principal balance. This long-term debt is unsecured with quarterly interest payments determined based upon a floating rate equal to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a margin until it is redeemed in whole or matures at a future date.

See Note 14 for further discussion on long-term debt.

Equity

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

Net unrealized gains and losses on real estate securities available-for-sale and interest rate agreements designated as cash flow hedges are reported as components of accumulated other comprehensive income on our consolidated statements of changes in equity and our consolidated balance sheets. Net unrealized gains and losses on securities and interest rate agreements held by our taxable subsidiaries that are reported in other comprehensive income are adjusted for the effects of taxation and may create deferred tax assets or liabilities.

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding. Net income allocated to common shareholders represents net income allocable to common shareholders, less income allocated to participating securities (as described herein). Diluted EPS is computed by dividing income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding plus amounts representing the dilutive effect of share-based payment awards. In addition, if the assumed conversion of convertible notes to common shares is dilutive, diluted EPS is adjusted by adding back the periodic interest expense associated with dilutive convertible debt to net income and adding the shares issued in an assumed conversion to the diluted share count.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula under which EPS is calculated for common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participating rights in undistributed earnings. Under this method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated between participating securities and common shares based on their respective rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents. Accounting guidance on EPS defines vested and unvested share-based payment awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents as participating securities that are included in computing EPS under the two-class method.

See Note 16 for further discussion on equity.

Incentive Plans

In May 2014, our shareholders approved the 2014 Redwood Trust, Inc. Incentive Plan (“Incentive Plan”) for executive officers, employees, and non-employee directors, which replaced the 2002 Redwood Trust, Inc. Incentive Plan. The Incentive Plan provides for the grant of restricted stock, deferred stock, deferred stock units, performance-based awards (including performance stock units), dividend equivalents, stock payments, restricted stock units, and other types of awards to eligible participants. Long-term incentive awards granted under the Incentive Plan generally vest over a three- or four-year period. Awards made under the Incentive Plan to officers and other employees in lieu of the payment in cash of a portion of annual bonuses earned generally vest immediately, but are subject to a three-year mandatory holding period. Non-employee directors are also provided annual awards under the Incentive Plan that generally vest immediately. The cost of the awards is amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In May 2013, our shareholders approved an amendment to our previously amended 2002 Redwood Trust, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) to increase the number of shares available under the ESPP. The purpose of the ESPP is to give our employees an opportunity to acquire an equity interest in the Company through the purchase of shares of common stock at a discount. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase common stock at 85% of its fair value, subject to certain limits. Fair value as defined under the ESPP is the lesser of the closing market price of the common stock on the first day of the calendar year or the last day of the calendar quarter.

Executive Deferred Compensation Plan

In November 2013, our Board of Directors approved an amendment to our 2002 Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (“EDCP”) to allow non-employee directors to defer certain cash payments and dividends into Deferred Stock Units (“DSUs”). The EDCP allows eligible employees and directors to defer portions of current salary and certain other forms of compensation. The Company matches some deferrals. Compensation deferred under the EDCP is recorded as a liability on our consolidated balance sheets. The EDCP allows for the investment of deferrals in either an interest crediting account or DSUs.

401(k) Plan

We offer a tax-qualified 401(k) Plan to all employees for retirement savings. Under this Plan, employees are allowed to defer and invest up to 100% of their cash earnings, subject to the maximum 401(k) Plan contribution limit set forth by the Internal Revenue Service. We match some employee contributions to encourage participation and to provide a retirement planning benefit to employees. Vesting of the 401(k) Plan matching contributions is based on the employee’s tenure at the Company, and over time an employee becomes increasingly vested in both prior and new matching contributions.

See Note 17 for further discussion on equity compensation plans.

Taxes

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code and the corresponding provisions of state law. To qualify as a REIT we must distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to shareholders (not including taxable income retained in our taxable subsidiaries) within the time frame set forth in the tax code and also meet certain other requirements related to assets, income, and stock ownership. We assess our tax positions for all open tax years and record tax benefits only if tax positions meet a

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

more-likely-than-not threshold in accordance with FASB guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. We classify interest and penalties on material uncertain tax positions as interest expense and operating expense, respectively, in our consolidated statements of income.

See Note 20 for further discussion on taxes.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” ASU 2014-09 supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in “Topic 605, Revenue Recognition” and requires entities to recognize revenue in a way that depicts the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. ASU 2014-09 is effective retrospectively for annual or interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016, with early application not permitted. We are currently evaluating the new standard.

Balance Sheet Netting

Certain of our derivatives and short-term debt are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements. Under GAAP, in certain circumstances we may elect to present certain financial assets, liabilities and related collateral subject to master netting arrangements in a net position on our consolidated balance sheets. However, we do not report any of these financial assets or liabilities on a net basis, and instead present them on a gross basis on our consolidated balance sheets.

The table below presents financial assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements categorized by financial instrument, together with corresponding financial instruments and corresponding collateral received or pledged at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Offsetting of Financial Assets, Liabilities, and Collateral

 

    Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
  (Liabilities)  
    Gross
Amounts
Offset in
 Consolidated 
Balance
Sheet
      Net Amounts of  
Assets
(Liabilities)
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheet
    Gross Amounts Not Offset
in Consolidated
Balance Sheet  (1)
       

June 30, 2014

(In Thousands)

        Financial
 Instruments 
    Cash
Collateral
  (Received)  

Pledged
     Net Amount   

Assets (2)

           

Interest rate agreements

   $ 1,925         $ -            $ 1,925         $ (572)        $ -             $ 1,353     

Credit default index swaps

    588          -             588          -              -              588     

TBAs

    3,294          -             3,294          (2,499)         -              795     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Assets

   $ 5,807         $ -            $ 5,807         $ (3,071)        $ -             $ 2,736     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities (2)

           

Interest rate agreements

   $ (32,637)        $ -            $ (32,637)        $ 572         $ 32,065         $ -         

TBAs

    (5,540)         -             (5,540)         2,499          1,746          (1,295)    

Futures

    (494)         -             (494)         -              494          -         

Loan warehouse debt

    (864,680)         -             (864,680)         864,680          -              -         

Security repurchase agreements

    (853,750)         -             (853,750)         853,750          -              -         

Commercial borrowings

    (52,916)         -             (52,916)         52,916          -              -         
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

   $    (1,810,017)        $           -            $          (1,810,017)        $    1,774,417         $       34,305         $       (1,295)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

    Gross
Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
  (Liabilities)  
    Gross
Amounts
Offset in
 Consolidated 
Balance
Sheet
      Net Amounts of  
Assets
(Liabilities)
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheet
      Gross Amounts Not Offset  
in Consolidated Balance
Sheet (1)
       

December 31, 2013

(In Thousands)

        Financial
 Instruments 
    Cash
Collateral
  (Received)  
Pledged
     Net Amount   

Assets (2)

           

Interest rate agreements

   $ 6,566         $ -            $ 6,566         $ (5,402)        $ -             $ 1,164     

TBAs

    1,138          -             1,138          (656)         (482)         -         

Futures

    -              -             -              -              -              -         
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Assets

   $ 7,704         $ -            $ 7,704         $ (6,058)        $ (482)        $ 1,164     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Liabilities (2)

           

Interest rate agreements

   $ (16,599)        $ -            $ (16,599)        $ 5,402         $ 11,197         $ -         

TBAs

    (661)         -             (661)         656          5          -         

Futures

    (528)         -             (528)         -              528          -         

Loan warehouse debt

    (184,789)         -             (184,789)         184,789          -              -         

Security repurchase agreements

    (677,974)         -             (677,974)         677,974          -              -         

Commercial borrowings

    (49,467)         -             (49,467)         49,467          -              -         
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

   $       (930,018)        $           -            $ (930,018)        $      918,288         $       11,730         $ -         
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Amounts presented in these columns are limited in total to the net amount of assets or liabilities presented in the prior column by instrument. In certain cases, there is excess cash collateral or financial assets we have pledged to a counterparty (which may, in certain circumstances, be a clearinghouse) that exceed the financial liabilities subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement. Additionally, in certain cases, counterparties may have pledged excess cash collateral to us that exceeds our corresponding financial assets. In each case, any of these excess amounts are excluded from the table although they are separately reported in our consolidated balance sheets as assets or liabilities, respectively.

 

(2)

Interest rate agreements, TBAs, and futures are components of derivatives instruments on our consolidated balances sheets. Loan warehouse debt, which is secured by residential and commercial mortgage loans, and security repurchase agreements are components of short-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets. Commercial borrowings are a component of long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets.

For each category of financial instrument set forth in the table above, the assets and liabilities resulting from individual transactions within that category between Redwood and a counterparty are subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement with that counterparty that provides for individual transactions to be treated as a single transaction. For certain categories of these instruments, some of our transactions are cleared and settled through one or more clearinghouses that are substituted as our counterparty and references herein to master netting arrangements or similar agreements include the arrangements and agreements governing the clearing and settlement of these transactions through the clearinghouses. In the event of the termination and close-out of any of those transactions, the corresponding master netting arrangement or similar agreement provides for settlement on a net basis and for settlement to include the proceeds of the liquidation of any corresponding collateral, subject to certain limitations on termination, settlement, and liquidation of collateral that may apply in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a party that should not inhibit the eventual practical realization of the principal benefits of those transactions or the corresponding master netting arrangement or similar agreement and any corresponding collateral.

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation

GAAP requires us to consider whether securitizations and other transfers of financial assets should be treated as sales or financings, as well as whether any VIEs – for example, certain legal entities often used in securitization and other structured finance transactions – should be included in our consolidated financial statements. The GAAP principles we apply require us to reassess our requirement to consolidate VIEs each quarter and therefore our determination may change based upon new facts and circumstances pertaining to each VIE. This could result in a material impact to our consolidated financial statements during subsequent reporting periods.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation — (continued)

 

Analysis of Consolidated VIEs

The VIEs we are required to consolidate include certain Sequoia securitization entities, the Residential Resecuritization entity, and the Commercial Securitization entity. Each of these entities is independent of Redwood and of each other and the assets and liabilities are not owned by and are not legal obligations of ours, although we are exposed to certain financial risks associated with our role as the sponsor or manager of these entities as well as from retained financial interests we hold in certain of these entities. The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of these VIEs. Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs at June 30, 2014

 

June 30, 2014

(Dollars in Thousands)

       Sequoia
Entities
     Residential
 Resecuritization 
     Commercial
Securitization
     Total  

Residential loans, held-for-investment

      $ 1,616,504          $ -          $ -          $ 1,616,504     

Commercial loans, held-for-investment

       -           -           254,615           254,615     

Real estate securities, at fair value

       -           245,853           -           245,853     

Restricted cash

       145           -           138           283     

Accrued interest receivable

       2,391           549           1,826           4,766     

Other assets

       3,323           -           79           3,402     
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

      $         1,622,363          $         246,402          $           256,658          $         2,125,423     
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accrued interest payable

      $ 1,078          $ 17          $ 678          $ 1,773     

Asset-backed securities issued

       1,553,669           69,709           144,700           1,768,078     
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

      $ 1,554,747          $ 69,726          $ 145,378          $ 1,769,851     
    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Number of VIEs

       24           1           1           26     

We consolidate the assets and liabilities of certain Sequoia securitization entities, as we did not meet the GAAP sale criteria at the time we transferred financial assets to these entities. Our involvement in consolidated Sequoia entities continues in the following ways: (i) we continue to hold subordinate investments in each entity, and for certain entities, more senior investments; (ii) we maintain certain discretionary rights associated with our sponsorship of, or our subordinate investments in, each entity; and (iii) we continue to hold a right to call the assets of certain entities (once they have been paid down below a specified threshold) at a price equal to, or in excess of, the current outstanding principal amount of the entity’s asset-backed securities issued. These factors have resulted in our continuing to consolidate the assets and liabilities of these Sequoia entities in accordance with GAAP.

We consolidate the assets and liabilities of the Residential Resecuritization entity as we did not meet the GAAP sale criteria at the time the financial assets were transferred to this entity based on our role in the entity’s inception and design. We transferred senior residential securities to Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Securities Corp., which subsequently sold them to CSMC 2011-9R, the Residential Resecuritization entity. In connection with this transaction, we acquired certain senior and subordinate securities that we continue to hold. We engaged in the Residential Resecuritization primarily for the purpose of obtaining permanent non-recourse financing on a portion of our senior residential securities portfolio. Our credit risk exposure is largely unchanged as a result of engaging in the transaction, as we remain economically exposed to the financed securities through our senior and subordinate investment in the Residential Resecuritization.

We consolidate the assets and liabilities of the Commercial Securitization entity, as we did not meet the GAAP sale criteria at the time the financial assets were transferred to this entity based on our role in the entity’s inception and design. We transferred subordinate commercial loans to RCMC 2012-CREL1, a securitization entity. In connection with this transaction, we acquired certain subordinate securities that we continue to hold. We engaged in the Commercial Securitization primarily for the purpose of obtaining permanent non-recourse financing on a portion of our commercial mezzanine loan portfolio. Our credit risk exposure is largely unchanged as a result of engaging in the transaction, as we remain economically exposed to the financed loans through our subordinate investment in the Commercial Securitization.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation — (continued)

 

Analysis of Unconsolidated VIEs with Continuing Involvement

Since 2012, we have transferred residential loans to 19 Sequoia securitization entities sponsored by us and accounted for these transfers as sales for financial reporting purposes. We also determined we were not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs as we lacked the power to direct the activities that will have the most significant economic impact on the entities. For the transferred loans where we held the servicing rights prior to the transfer and continue to hold the servicing rights, we recorded MSRs on our consolidated balance sheets, and classified those MSRs as Level 3 assets. We also retained senior and subordinate securities in these securitizations that we classified as Level 3 assets.

The following table presents information related to securitization transactions that occurred during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

Securitization Activity Related to Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

 

            Three Months Ended June 30,               Six Months Ended June 30,        

(In Thousands)

      2014     2013     2014     2013  

Principal balance of loans transferred

     $ 347,305         $ 1,802,058         $ 347,305         $ 4,042,710     

Trading securities retained, at fair value

      69,563          40,642          69,563          91,850     

AFS securities retained, at fair value

      20,428          92,367          20,428          207,095     

Gains on sale

      -              -              -              -         

MSRs recognized

      2,186          16,148          2,186          28,614     

Our continuing involvement in these securitizations is limited to customary servicing obligations associated with retaining residential MSRs (which we retain a third-party servicer to perform) and the receipt of interest income associated with the securities we retained. The following table summarizes the cash flows between us and the unconsolidated VIEs sponsored by us during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

Cash Flows Related to Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

 

            Three Months Ended June 30,               Six Months Ended June 30,        

(In Thousands)

      2014     2013     2014     2013  

Cash proceeds

     $ 267,776         $ 1,705,504         $ 267,776         $ 3,859,354     

MSR fees received

      3,624          2,099          7,047          3,075     

Funding of compensating interest

      (43)         (145)         (76)         (263)    

Cash flows received on retained securities

      15,924          9,883          28,227          14,950     

The following table presents the key weighted-average assumptions to measure MSRs at the date of securitization.

MSR Assumptions Related to Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

 

        Issued During
              Three Months Ended June 30,               Six Months Ended June 30,      
At Date of Securitization       2014                    2013   2014                    2013

 

   

 

 

 

Prepayment speeds

    5 - 15    %              5 - 12  %   5 - 15    %              5 - 14  %

Discount rates

    11    %                   12  %   11    %                   12  %

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation — (continued)

 

The following table presents additional information at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, related to unconsolidated securitizations accounted for as sales since 2012. Loans at these securitization entities have not incurred any credit losses.

Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

 

(In Thousands)

              June 30, 2014                 December 31, 2013      

On-balance sheet assets, at fair value:

     

Interest-only and senior securities, classified as trading

     $ 159,311         $ 110,505     

Senior and subordinate securities, classified as AFS

      449,863          405,415     

Maximum loss exposure (1)

      609,174          515,920     

Assets transferred:

     

Principal balance of loans outstanding

      6,730,820          6,627,874     

Principal balance of delinquent loans 30+ days delinquent

      7,041          14,587     

 

(1)

Maximum loss exposure from our involvement with unconsolidated VIEs pertains to the carrying value of our securities retained from these VIEs and represents estimated losses that would be incurred under severe, hypothetical circumstances, such as if the value of our interests and any associated collateral declines to zero. This does not include, for example, any potential exposure to representation and warranty claims associated with our initial transfer of loans into a securitization.

The following table presents key economic assumptions for assets retained from unconsolidated VIEs and the sensitivity of their fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Key Assumptions and Sensitivity Analysis for Assets Retained from Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

 

June 30, 2014       MSRs     Senior Securities     Subordinate
Securities
 

(Dollars in Thousands)

         

Fair value at June 30, 2014

     $             54,712            $         159,311            $         449,863        

Expected life (in years) (1)

      7             7             11        

Prepayment speed assumption (annual CPR) (1)

      12  %        9  %        10  %   

Decrease in fair value from:

   

10% adverse change

     $ 2,088            $ 7,254            $ 1,345        

25% adverse change

      4,908             12,104             3,519        

Discount rate assumption (1)

      11  %        5  %        6  %   

Decrease in fair value from:

   

100 basis point increase

     $ 2,194            $ 7,929            $ 34,532        

200 basis point increase

      4,212             15,159             65,057        

Credit loss assumption (1)

      N/A             0.23   %        0.23  %   

Decrease in fair value from:

   

10% higher losses

      N/A            $ 89            $ 1,197        

25% higher losses

      N/A             222             2,380        

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation — (continued)

 

December 31, 2013       MSRs       Senior Interest-only  
Securities
    Subordinate
Securities
 

(Dollars in Thousands)

         

Fair value at December 31, 2013

     $             60,318            $             110,505            $             405,415        

Expected life (in years) (1)

      8             7             11        

Prepayment speed assumption (annual CPR) (1)

      8  %        10  %        11  %   

Decrease in fair value from:

       

10% adverse change

     $ 1,649            $ 5,773            $ 1,658        

25% adverse change

      4,218             13,555             4,354        

Discount rate assumption (1)

      11  %       5  %        6  %   

Decrease in fair value from:

       

100 basis point increase

     $ 2,468            $ 5,632            $ 30,644        

200 basis point increase

      4,828             10,757             57,836        

Credit loss assumption (1)

      N/A             0.23   %        0.23  %   

Decrease in fair value from:

       

10% higher losses

      N/A            $ 70            $ 1,369        

25% higher losses

      N/A             175             3,420        

 

(1) Expected life, prepayment speed assumption, discount rate assumption, and credit loss assumption presented in the tables above represent weighted averages.

Continuing Involvement with VIEs with No Economic Interest

We maintain limited continuing involvement in certain Acacia securitization entities we sponsored, but have no current economic interest in these entities. Our continuing involvement as collateral manager has, under the terms of the applicable management agreements, been significantly curtailed or eliminated with respect to the Acacia entities, as all but one of these entities have experienced events of default. We will continue to receive the collateral management fees for these entities, which have decreased significantly and will continue to do so as the balances on which the fees are determined continue to decline.

Analysis of Third-Party VIEs

Third-party VIEs are securitization entities for which we maintain an economic interest but do not sponsor. Our economic interest may include several securities from the same third-party VIE, and in those cases, the analysis is performed in consideration of all of our interests. The following table presents a summary of our interests in third-party VIEs at June 30, 2014, grouped by collateral type.

Third-Party Sponsored VIE Summary

 

(In Thousands)

              June 30, 2014          

Residential real estate securities at Redwood

   

Senior

     $ 663,587     

Re-REMIC

      192,596     

Subordinate

      133,857     
   

 

 

 

Total Investments in Third-Party Real Estate Securities

     $ 990,040     
   

 

 

 

We determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of any third-party residential, commercial, or collateralized debt obligation entities, as we do not have the required power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these entities. Specifically, we do not service or manage these entities or otherwise hold decision making powers that are significant. As a

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation — (continued)

 

result of this assessment, we do not consolidate any of the underlying assets and liabilities of these third-party VIEs – we only account for our specific interests in them.

Our assessments of whether we are required to consolidate a VIE may change in subsequent reporting periods based upon changing facts and circumstances pertaining to each VIE. Any related accounting changes could result in a material impact to our financial statements.

Other Transfers of Financial Assets

Certain of our senior commercial mortgage loans were bifurcated into a senior portion that was sold to a third party and a junior portion that we retained as an investment. When the transfer of the senior portion did not meet the criteria for sale treatment under GAAP, the entire loan (the senior and junior portions) remains on our consolidated balance sheet classified as a held-for-investment loan and we account for the transfer of the senior portion as a secured borrowing.

The following table presents commercial loan transfers accounted for as secured borrowings for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.

Loan Transfers Accounted for as Secured Borrowings

 

(In Thousands)

          Three Months Ended    
June 30, 2014
          Six Months Ended      
June 30, 2014
 

Principal balance

     $ 29,500         $ 63,375     

Cash proceeds

      30,274          65,048     

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For financial reporting purposes, we follow a fair value hierarchy established under GAAP that is used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. This hierarchy prioritizes relevant market inputs in order to determine an “exit price” at the measurement date, or the price at which an asset could be sold or a liability could be transferred in an orderly process that is not a forced liquidation or distressed sale. Level 1 inputs are observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 inputs are observable inputs other than quoted prices for an asset or liability that are obtained through corroboration with observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs (e.g., our own data or assumptions) that are used when there is little, if any, relevant market activity for the asset or liability required to be measured at fair value.

In certain cases, inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level at which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability being measured.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

        June 30, 2014     December 31, 2013  

(In Thousands)

      Carrying
Value
    Fair
Value
    Carrying
Value
    Fair
Value
 

Assets

         

Residential loans, held-for-sale

         

At fair value

     $         1,106,239         $         1,106,239         $            402,602         $            402,602     

At lower of cost or fair value

      1,638          1,788          1,665          1,817     

Residential loans, held-for-investment

      1,616,504          1,508,571          1,762,167          1,610,024     

Commercial loans, held-for-sale

      50,848          50,848          89,111          89,111     

Commercial loans, held-for-investment

         

At fair value

      71,270          71,270          -              -         

At amortized cost

      346,648          353,004          343,344          348,305     

Trading securities

      173,281          173,281          124,555          124,555     

Available-for-sale securities

      1,671,786          1,671,786          1,558,306          1,558,306     

MSRs

      71,225          71,225          64,824          64,824     

Cash and cash equivalents

      157,079          157,079          173,201          173,201     

Restricted cash

      393          393          398          398     

Accrued interest receivable

      15,109          15,109          13,475          13,475     

Derivative assets

      7,514          7,514          7,787          7,787     

REO (1)

      3,323          3,767          3,661          4,084     

Margin receivable (1)

      58,455          58,455          31,149          31,149     

Other collateral posted (1)

      5,000          5,000          5,000          5,000     

Liabilities

         

Short-term debt

     $ 1,718,430         $ 1,718,430         $ 862,763         $ 862,763     

Accrued interest payable

      7,154          7,154          6,366          6,366     

Derivative liabilities

      39,837          39,837          18,167          18,167     

ABS issued

      1,768,078          1,656,135          1,942,962          1,746,906     

Commercial long-term debt

      52,916          52,916          49,467          49,467     

Commercial secured borrowings

      66,692          66,692          -              -         

Convertible notes

      287,500          296,700          287,500          299,719     

Other long-term debt

      139,500          110,903          139,500          111,600     

 

(1)

These assets are included in Other Assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

We elected the fair value option for $1.74 billion and $2.82 billion of residential loans (principal balance) and $149 million and $268 million of commercial loans (principal balance) we acquired during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively. We also elected the fair value option for $30 million and $65 million of commercial secured borrowings we recorded during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively. We anticipate electing the fair value option for all future purchases of residential loans and commercial senior loans that we intend to sell to third parties or transfer to securitizations.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

The following table presents the assets and liabilities that are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis at June 30, 2014, as well as the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs used to measure fair value.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at June 30, 2014

 

June 30, 2014             Carrying                       Fair Value Measurements Using               

(In Thousands)

      Value     Level 1     Level 2     Level 3  

Assets

         

Residential loans, at fair value

     $     1,106,239         $ -             $ 259,675         $ 846,564     

Commercial loans, at fair value

      122,118          -              -              122,118     

Trading securities

      173,281          -              -              173,281     

Available-for-sale securities

      1,671,786          -              -              1,671,786     

MSRs

      71,225          -              -              71,225     

Derivative assets

      7,514                      3,295                      2,513          1,707     

Liabilities

         

Derivative liabilities

      39,837          6,034          33,758          45     

Commercial secured borrowings

      66,692          -              -                      66,692     

The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the six months ended June 30, 2014.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

 

        Assets           Liabilities  

(In Thousands)

        Residential  
Loans
      Commercial  
Loans
    Trading
  Securities  
    AFS
  Securities  
      MSRs         Derivatives (1)         Commercial  
Secured
Borrowings
 

Beginning balance - December 31, 2013

     $ 391,100         $ 89,111         $ 124,555         $     1,558,306         $ 64,824         $ (379)        $ -         

Principal paydowns

      (11,563)         (3,463)         (2,714)         (92,590)         -              -              (115)    

Gains (losses) in net income, net

      21,849          11,099          (13,133)         23,485          (8,265)         5,108          1,759     

Unrealized gains in OCI, net

      -              -              -              32,888          -              -              -         

Acquisitions

      1,717,244          271,424          64,573          151,010          14,666          -              65,048     

Sales

        (1,269,330)         (246,053)         -              (1,313)         -              -              -         

Other settlements, net

      (2,736)         -              -              -              -              (3,067)         -         
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Ending Balance - June 30, 2014

     $ 846,564         $ 122,118         $ 173,281         $ 1,671,786         $     71,225         $ 1,662         $ 66,692     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

(1) For the purpose of this presentation, derivative assets and liabilities, which consist of loan purchase commitments, are presented net.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

The following table presents the portion of gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income that were attributable to Level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and held at June 30, 2014 and 2013. Gains or losses incurred on assets or liabilities sold, matured, called, or fully written down during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 are not included in this presentation.

Portion of Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held at June 30, 2014 and 2013 Included in Net Income

 

        Included in Net Income  
            Three Months Ended June 30,                 Six Months Ended June 30,          

(In Thousands)

      2014     2013     2014     2013  

Assets

         

Residential loans, at fair value

     $ 11,755         $ (59,649)        $ 11,964         $ (59,641)    

Commercial loans, at fair value

      2,008          -              2,008          -         

Trading securities

      (9,257)         31,354          (13,688)         30,866     

Available-for-sale securities

      (264)         (1,642)         (377)         (1,665)    

MSRs

      (4,974)         9,450          (7,236)         9,532     

Liabilities

         

Loan purchase commitments

      1,707          -              1,707          -         

Commercial secured borrowing

      1,759          -              1,759          -         

The following table presents information on assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis at June 30, 2014. This table does not include the carrying value and gains or losses associated with the asset types below that were not recorded at fair value on our balance sheet at June 30, 2014.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis at June 30, 2014

 

                    Gain (Loss) for  

June 30, 2014

(In Thousands)

          Carrying    
Value
        Fair Value Measurements Using           Three Months Ended         Six Months Ended    
          Level 1             Level 2         Level 3     June 30, 2014     June 30, 2014  

Assets

             

Residential loans, at lower of cost or fair value

     $ 1,107         $ -             $ -             $ 1,107         $ 1         $ (2)    

REO

      2,326          -              -              2,326          (521)         (343)    

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

The following table presents the components of market valuation adjustments, net, recorded in our consolidated statements of income for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

Market Valuation Adjustments, Net

 

            Three Months Ended June 30,               Six Months Ended June 30,        

(In Thousands)

      2014     2013     2014     2013  

Mortgage banking activities

         

Residential loans, at fair value

     $ 13,375         $ (41,405)        $ 20,403         $ (6,535)    

Commercial loans, at fair value

      5,714          (345)         9,340          (345)    

Trading securities

      (8,810)         36,336          (13,087)         38,265     

Derivative instruments, net

      (8,673)         49,544          (15,755)         50,567     

Loan purchase and forward sale commitments

      3,582          -          3,590          -     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total mortgage banking activities (1)

      5,188          44,130          4,491          81,952     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

MSRs

      (5,553)         8,827          (8,265)         9,169     

Other

         

Residential loans, at lower of cost or fair value

      13          38          11          78     

Trading securities

      77          (4,140)         (76)         (4,707)    

Impairments on AFS securities

      (264)         (1,642)         (377)         (1,665)    

REO

      (321)         (558)         (464)         (331)    

Other derivative instruments, net

      (3,626)         44          (9,354)         64     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total other

      (4,121)         (6,258)         (10,260)         (6,561)    
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Market Valuation Adjustments, Net

     $ (4,486)        $ 46,699         $ (14,034)        $ 84,560     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Income from mortgage banking activities presented above does not include fee income that is a component of mortgage banking income presented on our consolidated statements of income as it does not represent a market valuation adjustment.

Valuation Policy

We maintain a policy that specifies the methodologies we use to value different types of financial instruments. Significant changes to the valuation methodologies are reviewed by members of senior management to confirm the changes are appropriate and reasonable. Valuations based on information from external sources are performed on an instrument-by-instrument basis with the resulting amounts analyzed individually against internal calculations as well as in the aggregate by product type classification. Initial valuations are performed by our portfolio management group using the valuation processes described below. A subset of our finance department then independently reviews all fair value estimates using available market, portfolio, and industry information to ensure they are reasonable. Finally, members of senior management review all fair value estimates, including an analysis of valuation changes from prior reporting periods.

Valuation Process

We estimate fair values for financial assets or liabilities based on available inputs observed in the marketplace as well as unobservable inputs. We primarily use two pricing valuation techniques: market comparable pricing and discounted cash flow analysis. Market comparable pricing is used to determine the estimated fair value of certain instruments by incorporating known inputs and performance metrics, such as observed prepayment rates, delinquencies, credit support, recent transaction prices, pending transactions, or prices of other similar instruments. Discounted cash flow analysis techniques generally consist of developing an estimate of future cash flows that are expected to occur over the life of an instrument and then discounting those cash flows at a rate of return that results in an estimate of fair value. After considering all available indications of the appropriate rate of return that market participants would require, we consider the reasonableness of the range indicated by the results to determine an estimate that is most representative of fair value. We also consider counterparty credit quality and risk as part of our fair value assessments.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments

 

June 30, 2014

(Dollars in Thousands)

      Fair
Value
   

        Unobservable Input        

      Range       Weighted    
Average
 

Assets

           

Residential loans, at fair value:

           

Loans priced to securitization or priced to whole loan market and uncommitted to sell

     $ 417,941         Discount rate                   3 - 4    %       4    %     
       Prepayment rate               10 - 10    %       10    %     
       Default rate                   1 - 1    %       1    %     
       Loss severity               22 - 22    %       22    %     
       Credit support                   6 - 8    %       8    %     
       Spread to securitization         50 bps - 50 bps      50  bps    

Loans priced to whole loan market, committed to sell

      428,624         Pool fallout assumption         10 bps - 10 bps      10  bps    

Residential loans, at lower of cost or fair value

      1,107         Loss severity                 15-28    %       21    %     

Commercial loans, at fair value

      122,118         Credit spread         136 bps - 136 bps      136  bps    
       Credit support               24 - 24    %       24    %     

Trading and AFS securities

      1,845,067         Discount rate                 4 - 12    %       6    %     
       Prepayment speed                 1 - 35    %       14    %     
       Default rate                 0 - 35    %       7    %     
       Loss severity               20 - 64    %       33    %     
       Credit support                 0 - 84    %       6    %     

MSRs

      71,225         Discount rate                 9 - 11    %       11    %     
       Prepayment rate                 6 - 60    %       12    %     

REO

      2,326         Loss severity                 0 - 93    %       18    %     

Loan purchase commitments, net (1)

      1,662         MSR Multiple                   1 - 5x       4x           
       Pullthrough rate               57 - 99    %       81    %     

Liabilities

           

Commercial secured financing

      66,692         Credit spread         136 bps - 136 bps      136  bps    
       Credit support               24 - 24    %       24    %     

(1) For the purpose of this presentation loan purchase commitment assets and liabilities are presented net.

Determination of Fair Value

A description of the instruments measured at fair value as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 valuation hierarchy is listed herein. We generally use both market comparable information and discounted cash flow modeling techniques to determine the fair value of our Level 3 assets and liabilities. Use of these techniques requires determination of relevant inputs and assumptions, some of which represent significant unobservable inputs as indicated in the preceding table. Accordingly, a significant increase or decrease in any of these inputs – such as anticipated credit losses, prepayment speeds, interest rates, or other valuation assumptions – in isolation, would likely result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

Residential loans

Estimated fair values for residential loans are determined based on either an exit price to securitization or the whole loan market. For loans valued based on an exit to securitization, significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3 in nature, due to the limited availability of market quotes on newly issued Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (“RMBS”) and related inputs. Relevant market indicators that are factored into the analyses include third-party RMBS sales, pricing points for secondary sales of RMBS we have issued in past periods, yields for RMBS issued by government sponsored enterprises, indexed swap yields, credit rating agency guidance on expected credit enhancement levels for newly issued RMBS transactions, interest rates, and prepayment speeds (Level 3).

For loans valued based on an exit to the whole loan market, significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3 in nature. Relevant market indicators that are factored into the analyses include prices on recent sales of our own whole loans, indexed swap yields, interest rates, prepayment speeds, and loss severities (Level 3). These assets would generally decrease in value based upon an increase in the loss severity assumption and would generally increase in value if the loss severity assumption were to decrease.

Estimated fair values for conforming loans are determined based upon quoted market prices (Level 2). Conforming loans are mortgage loans that conform to Agency guidelines. As necessary, these values are adjusted for servicing value, market conditions and liquidity.

Commercial loans

Estimated fair values for senior commercial loans are determined by an exit price to securitization. Certain significant inputs in the valuation analysis are Level 3 in nature. Relevant market indicators that are factored into the analyses include third-party Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“CMBS”) sales, pricing points for secondary sales of CMBS, yields for synthetic instruments that use CMBS bonds as an underlying index, indexed swap yields, credit rating agency guidance on expected credit enhancement levels for newly issued CMBS transactions, and interest rates (Level 3). In certain cases, commercial senior mortgage loans are valued based on third-party offers for the securities for purchase into securitization (Level 2).

Estimated fair values for mezzanine commercial loans are determined by both market comparable pricing and discounted cash flow analysis valuation techniques (Level 3). Our discounted cash flow models utilize certain significant unobservable inputs including the underwritten net operating income and debt coverage ratio assumptions and actual performance relative to those underwritten metrics. A decrease in these unobservable inputs will reduce the estimated fair value of the commercial loans.

Real estate securities

Real estate securities primarily include residential mortgage-backed securities that are generally illiquid in nature and trade infrequently. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3 in nature, due to the lack of readily available market quotes and related inputs. For real estate securities, we utilize both market comparable pricing and discounted cash flow analysis valuation techniques. Relevant market indicators that are factored into the analyses include bid/ask spreads, the amount and timing of credit losses, interest rates, and prepayment speeds. Estimated fair values are based on applying the market indicators to generate discounted cash flows (Level 3). These cash flow models use significant unobservable inputs such as a discount rate, prepayment rate, default rate, loss severity and credit support. The estimated fair value of our securities would generally decrease based upon an increase in serious delinquencies. Conversely, the estimated fair value of our securities would generally increase if the prepayment rate or credit support inputs were to increase.

As part of our securities valuation process, we request and consider indications of value from third-party securities dealers. For purposes of pricing our securities at June 30, 2014, we received dealer price indications on 79% of our securities, representing 90% of our carrying value. In the aggregate, our internal valuations of the securities for which we received dealer price indications were within 2% of the aggregate dealer valuations. Once we receive the price indications from dealers, they are compared to other relevant market inputs, such as actual or comparable trades, and the results of our discounted cash flow analysis. In circumstances where relevant market inputs cannot be obtained, increased reliance on discounted cash flow analysis and management judgment are required to estimate fair value.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

Derivative assets and liabilities

Our derivative instruments include swaps, swaptions, TBAs, financial futures, CMBX credit default index swaps, LPCs, and FSCs. Fair values of derivative instruments are determined using quoted prices from active markets, when available, or from valuation models and are supported by valuations provided by dealers active in derivative markets. TBA and financial futures fair values are generally obtained using quoted prices from active markets (Level 1). Our derivative valuation models for swaps and swaptions require a variety of inputs, including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, credit curves, measures of volatility, prepayment rates, and correlations of certain inputs. Model inputs can generally be verified and model selection does not involve significant management judgment (Level 2). LPC fair values are estimated based on quoted Agency MBS prices, estimates of the fair value of the MSRs we expect to retain in the sale of the loans, and the probability that the mortgage loan will be purchased (Level 3). FSC fair values are obtained using quoted Agency prices. Model inputs can generally be verified and model selection does not involve significant management judgment (Level 2).

For other derivatives, valuations are based on various factors such as liquidity, bid/ask spreads, and credit considerations for which we rely on available market inputs. In the absence of such inputs, management’s best estimate is used (Level 3).

MSRs

MSRs represent the rights to service jumbo and conforming residential mortgage loans. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3, due to the nature of these instruments and the lack of readily available market quotes. These inputs include market discount rates, prepayment speeds of serviced loans, and the market cost of servicing. Changes in the fair value of MSRs occur primarily due to the collection/realization of expected cash flows, as well as changes in valuation inputs and assumptions. Estimated fair values are based on applying the inputs to generate the net present value of estimated MSR income, which is what we believe market participants would use to estimate fair value (Level 3). These discounted cash flow models utilize certain significant unobservable inputs including prepayment rate and discount rate assumptions. An increase in these unobservable inputs will reduce the estimated fair value of the MSRs.

As part of our MSR valuation process, we received a valuation estimate from a third-party valuations group. In the aggregate, our internal valuation of the MSRs was 2% lower than the third-party valuation at June 30, 2014.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Fair values equal carrying values (Level 1).

Restricted cash

Restricted cash primarily includes interest-earning cash balances at consolidated Sequoia entities and at the Residential Resecuritization and Commercial Securitization entities for the purpose of distribution to investors and reinvestment. Due to the short-term nature of the restrictions, fair values approximate carrying values (Level 1).

Accrued interest receivable and payable

Accrued interest receivable and payable includes interest due on our assets and payable on our liabilities. Due to the short-term nature of when these interest payments will be received or paid, fair values approximate carrying values (Level 1).

REO

REO includes properties owned in satisfaction of foreclosed loans. Fair values are determined using available market quotes, appraisals, broker price opinions, comparable properties, or other indications of value (Level 3).

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

Margin receivable

Margin receivable reflects cash collateral we have posted with our various derivative and debt counterparties as required to satisfy margin requirements. Fair values approximate carrying values (Level 1).

Short-term debt

Short-term debt includes our credit facilities that mature within one year. Fair values approximate carrying values (Level 1).

ABS issued

ABS issued includes asset-backed securities issued through the Sequoia, Residential Resecuritization, and Commercial Securitization entities. These instruments are illiquid in nature and trade infrequently, if at all. For ABS issued, we utilize both market comparable pricing and discounted cash flow analysis valuation techniques. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3, due to the nature of these instruments and the lack of readily available market quotes. Relevant market indicators factored into the analyses include bid/ask spreads, external spreads, collateral credit losses, interest rates, default rates, loss severities, and collateral prepayment speeds. Estimated fair values are based on applying the market indicators to generate discounted cash flows (Level 3). These liabilities would generally increase in value based upon a decrease in default rates and would generally decrease in value if the prepayment rate or credit support input were to decrease.

As part of our ABS issued valuation process, we also request and consider indications of value from third-party securities dealers. For purposes of pricing our ABS issued at June 30, 2014, we received dealer price indications on 42% of our ABS issued. In the aggregate, our internal valuations of the ABS issued for which we received dealer price indications were within 1% of the aggregate dealer valuations. Once we receive the price indications from dealers, they are compared to other relevant market inputs, such as actual or comparable trades, and the results of our discounted cash flow analysis.

Commercial long-term debt

Commercial long-term debt includes our commercial loan repurchase agreement that matures in more than one year. Fair values approximate carrying values (Level 1).

Commercial secured borrowings

Commercial secured borrowings represent liabilities recognized as a result of transfers of portions of senior commercial mortgage loans to third parties that do not meet the criteria for sale treatment under GAAP and are accounted for as secured borrowings. Fair values for commercial secured borrowings are based on the fair values of the senior commercial loans associated with the borrowings (Level 3).

Convertible notes

Convertible notes include unsecured convertible senior notes. Fair values are determined using quoted prices in active markets (Level 1).

Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes

Estimated fair values of trust preferred securities and subordinated notes are determined using discounted cash flow analysis valuation techniques. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3, due to the nature of these instruments and the lack of readily available market quotes. Estimated fair values are based on applying the market indicators to generate discounted cash flows (Level 3).

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

 

Note 6. Residential Loans

We acquire residential loans from third-party originators. The following table summarizes the classifications and carrying value of the residential loans owned at Redwood and at consolidated Sequoia entities at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

June 30, 2014

(In Thousands)

      Redwood     Sequoia     Total  

Held-for-sale

       

Fair value - Conforming

     $ 259,675         $ -         $ 259,675     

Fair value - Jumbo

      846,564          -          846,564     

Lower of cost or fair value

      1,638          -          1,638     

Held-for-investment

      -          1,616,504          1,616,504     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Residential Loans

     $         1,107,877         $         1,616,504         $         2,724,381     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

December 31, 2013

(In Thousands)

      Redwood     Sequoia     Total  

Held-for-sale

       

Fair value - Conforming

     $ 11,502         $ -         $ 11,502     

Fair value - Jumbo

      391,100          -          391,100     

Lower of cost or fair value

      1,665          -          1,665     

Held-for-investment

      -          1,762,167          1,762,167     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Residential Loans

     $            404,267         $         1,762,167         $         2,166,434     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Residential Loans Held-for-Sale

Residential Loans at Fair Value

At June 30, 2014, there were 2,038 residential loans at fair value, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $1.07 billion and an aggregate fair value of $1.11 billion. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, we purchased $1.74 billion and $2.82 billion (principal balance) of residential loans, respectively, for which we elected the fair value option. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, we recorded $13 million and $20 million of positive valuation adjustments, respectively, on fair value residential loans through mortgage banking activities, net, a component of our consolidated income statement. At December 31, 2013, there were 537 residential loans at fair value, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $399 million and an aggregate fair value of $403 million.

Residential Loans at Lower of Cost or Fair Value

At June 30, 2014, there were 10 residential loans at lower of cost or fair value with $2 million in outstanding principal balance and a carrying value of $2 million. At December 31, 2013, there were 10 residential loans at lower of cost or fair value with $2 million in outstanding principal balance and a carrying value of $2 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, we recorded valuation adjustments for residential loans held-for-sale of positive $13 thousand and $11 thousand, respectively.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 6. Residential Loans — (continued)

 

Residential Loans Held-for-Investment

The following table details the carrying value for residential loans held-for-investment at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013. These loans are owned at Sequoia securitization entities that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes.

 

(In Thousands)

              June 30, 2014                 December 31, 2013      

Principal balance

     $ 1,625,890         $ 1,770,803     

Unamortized premium, net

      14,586          16,791     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recorded investment

      1,640,476          1,787,594     

Allowance for loan losses

      (23,972)         (25,427)    
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Carrying Value

     $ 1,616,504         $ 1,762,167     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Of the $1.6 billion of principal balance and $15 million of unamortized premium on loans held-for-investment at June 30, 2014, $663 million of principal balance and $9 million of unamortized premium relate to residential loans acquired prior to July 1, 2004. During the six months ended June 30, 2014, 9% of these residential loans prepaid and we amortized 16% of the premium based upon the accounting elections we apply. For residential loans acquired after July 1, 2004, the principal balance was $966 million and the unamortized premium was $6 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2014, 7% of these loans prepaid and we amortized 9% of the premium.

Of the $1.77 billion of principal balance and $17 million of unamortized premium on loans held-for-investment at December 31, 2013, $731 million of principal balance and $11 million of unamortized premium relate to residential loans acquired prior to July 1, 2004. For residential loans acquired after July 1, 2004, the principal balance was $1 billion and the unamortized premium was $6 million.

Credit Characteristics of Residential Loans Held-for-Investment

As a percentage of our recorded investment, 99% of residential loans held-for-investment at June 30, 2014, were first lien, predominately prime-quality loans at the time of origination. The remaining 1% of loans were second lien, home equity lines of credit. The weighted average original LTV ratio for our residential loans held-for-investment outstanding at June 30, 2014, was 66%. The weighted average FICO score for the borrowers of these loans was 733 at the time the loans were originated.

We consider the year of origination of our residential loans held-for-investment to be a general indicator of credit performance as loans originated in specific years have often possessed similar product and credit characteristics. The following table displays our recorded investment in residential loans held-for-investment at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, organized by year of origination.

 

(In Thousands)

              June 30, 2014                 December 31, 2013      

2003 & Earlier

     $ 798,571         $ 881,364     

2004

      479,478          513,458     

2005

      60,138          62,675     

2006

      141,937          149,776     

2007

      -          -     

2008

      -          -     

2009

      19,994          25,860     

2010

      84,992          92,728     

2011

      55,366          61,733     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Recorded Investment

     $ 1,640,476         $ 1,787,594     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 6. Residential Loans — (continued)

 

Allowance for Loan Losses on Residential Loans

For residential loans held-for-investment, we establish and maintain an allowance for loan losses. The allowance includes a component for pools of residential loans owned at Sequoia securitization entities that we collectively evaluated for impairment, and a component for loans individually evaluated for impairment that includes modified residential loans at Sequoia entities that have been determined to be troubled debt restructurings.

Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses on Residential Loans

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

 

                Three Months Ended June 30,               Six Months Ended June 30,        

(In Thousands)

          2014     2013     2014     2013  

Balance at beginning of period

       $ 25,571         $ 29,064         $ 25,427         $ 28,504     

Charge-offs, net

        (994)         (1,751)         (1,478)         (2,545)    

(Reversal of provision) provision for loan losses

        (605)         (4,163)         23          (2,809)    
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at End of Period

       $ 23,972         $ 23,150         $ 23,972         $ 23,150     
     

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

During the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, there were less than $1 million and $2 million of charge-offs of residential loans that reduced our allowance for loan losses, respectively. These charge-offs were from $6 million and $5 million of defaulted loan principal, respectively. During the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, there were $1 million and $3 million of charge-offs of residential loans, respectively, that reduced our allowance for loan losses. These charge-offs arose from $8 million and $7 million of defaulted loan principal, respectively.

Residential Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment

We establish the collective component of the allowance for residential loan losses based primarily on the characteristics of the loan pools underlying the securitization entities that own the loans, including loan product types, credit characteristics, and origination years. The collective analysis is further divided into two segments. The first segment reflects our estimate of losses on delinquent loans within each loan pool. These loss estimates are determined by applying the loss factors described in Note 3 to the delinquent loans, including our expectations of the timing of defaults and the loss severities we expect once defaults occur. The second segment relates to our estimate of losses incurred on nondelinquent loans within each loan pool. This estimate is based on losses we expect to realize over a 23 month loss confirmation period, which is based on our historical loss experience as well as consideration of the loss factors described in Note 3.

The following table summarizes the balances for loans collectively evaluated for impairment at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

              June 30, 2014                 December 31, 2013      

Principal balance

     $ 1,612,303         $ 1,762,165     

Recorded investment

      1,627,228          1,779,161     

Related allowance

      22,695          24,762     

The following table summarizes the recorded investment and past due status of residential loans collectively evaluated for impairment at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

          30-59 Days    
Past Due
        60-89 Days    
Past Due
          90+ Days      
Past Due
            Current                 Total Loans      

June 30, 2014

     $ 25,639         $ 9,619         $ 74,393         $ 1,517,577         $ 1,627,228     

December 31, 2013

      34,187          13,248          79,010          1,652,716          1,779,161     

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 6. Residential Loans — (continued)

 

Residential Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment

As part of the loss mitigation efforts undertaken by servicers of residential loans owned at Sequoia securitization entities, a number of loan modifications have been completed to help make mortgage loans more affordable for qualifying borrowers and potentially reduce a future impairment. For the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, all of the loan modifications determined to be TDRs were either: (i) conversions of a floating rate mortgage loan into a fixed rate mortgage loan; (ii) reductions in the contractual interest rates of a mortgage loan paired with capitalization of accrued interest; or (iii) principal forgiveness paired with interest rate reductions.

The following table presents the details of the loan modifications determined to be TDRs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

 

            Three Months Ended June 30,               Six Months Ended June 30,        

(Dollars in Thousands)

      2014     2013     2014     2013  

TDRs

         

Number of modifications

      9          4          14          7     

Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment

     $ 3,052         $ 1,031         $ 4,967         $ 1,795     

Post-modification outstanding recorded investment

      3,272          1,145          5,165          1,941     

Loan modification effect on net interest income after provision and other MVA

      (812)         (140)         (1,221)         (309)    

TDRs that Subsequently Defaulted

         

Number of modifications

      3          1          6          3     

Recorded investment

     $ 1,574         $ 178         $ 2,493         $ 587     

If we determine that a restructured loan is a TDR, we remove it from the general loan pools used for determining the allowance for residential loan losses and assess it for impairment on an individual basis. This assessment is based primarily on whether an adverse change in the expected future cash flows resulted from the restructuring. The average recorded investment of loans for the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $13 million and $7 million, respectively. The average recorded investment of loans individually evaluated for impairment for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013 was $11 million and $7 million, respectively. For the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, we recorded interest income of $29 thousand and $10 thousand, respectively, on individually impaired loans. For the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, we recorded interest income of $67 thousand and $21 thousand, respectively, on individually impaired loans.

The following table summarizes the balances for loans individually evaluated for impairment, all of which had an allowance, at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

              June 30, 2014                 December 31, 2013      

Principal balance

     $ 13,587         $ 8,638     

Recorded investment

      13,248          8,433     

Related allowance

      1,277          665     

The following table summarizes the recorded investment and past due status of residential loans individually evaluated for impairment at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

          30-59 Days    
Past Due
        60-89 Days    
Past Due
          90+ Days      
Past Due
            Current                 Total Loans      

June 30, 2014

     $ 1,611         $ 1,319         $ 551         $ 9,767         $ 13,248     

December 31, 2013

      1,560          -          567          6,306          8,433     

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

 

Note 7. Commercial Loans

We invest in commercial loans that we originate and service as well as loans that we acquire from third-party originators. The following table summarizes the classifications and carrying value of commercial loans at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

              June 30, 2014                 December 31, 2013      

Held-for-sale, at fair value

     $ 50,848         $ 89,111     

Held-for-investment

     

At fair value

      71,270          -     

At amortized cost

      346,648          343,344     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Commercial Loans

     $ 468,766         $ 432,455     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Of the held-for-investment commercial loans shown above at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, $255 million and $258 million, respectively, were financed through the Commercial Securitization entity, as discussed in Note 4.

Commercial Loans Held-for-Sale

Commercial loans held-for-sale include loans we originate and intend to sell to third parties. At June 30, 2014, there were seven commercial loans at fair value, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $49 million and an aggregate fair value of $51 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, we originated and funded senior commercial loans for $149 million and $237 million and recorded $6 million and $8 million of positive valuation adjustments on commercial loans held-for-sale through mortgage banking activities, net, a component of our consolidated income statement. At December 31, 2013, there were seven senior commercial loans at fair value, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $88 million and an aggregate fair value of $89 million.

Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment

Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment, at Fair Value

Commercial loans held-for-investment at fair value include certain loans we hold for investment for which we have elected the fair value option. At June 30, 2014, there were three of these commercial loans, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $68 million and an aggregate fair value of $71 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2014, we did not originate any commercial loans held-for-investment at fair value and recorded $2 million of positive valuation adjustments on our existing portfolio. During the six months ended June 30, 2014, we originated and funded commercial loans for $31 million and recorded $3 million of positive valuation adjustments on commercial loans held-for-investment at fair value through mortgage banking activities, net, a component of our consolidated income statement. We did not have any commercial loans held-for-investment at fair value at December 31, 2013.

Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment, at Amortized Cost

Commercial loans held-for-investment at amortized cost include loans we originate and preferred equity investments we make or, in either case, acquire from third parties. Through June 30, 2014, these loans have typically been mezzanine loans that are secured by a borrower’s ownership interest in a single purpose entity that owns commercial property, rather than a lien on the commercial property. The preferred equity investments are typically preferred equity interests in a single purpose entity that owns commercial property and are included within, and referred to herein, as commercial loans held-for-investment due to the fact that their risks and payment characteristics are nearly equivalent to commercial mezzanine loans.

 

37


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 7. Commercial Loans — (continued)

 

The following table provides additional information for our commercial loans held-for-investment at amortized cost at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

              June 30, 2014                 December 31, 2013      

Principal balance

     $ 357,292         $ 353,331     

Unamortized discount, net

      (2,327)         (2,614)    
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Recorded investment

      354,965          350,717     

Allowance for loan losses

      (8,317)         (7,373)    
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Carrying Value

     $ 346,648         $ 343,344     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

At June 30, 2014, there were 53 commercial loans held-for-investment at amortized cost with an outstanding principal balance of $357 million and a carrying value of $347 million. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, we originated or acquired $6 million and $8 million of commercial loans held-for-investment at amortized cost. Of the $355 million of recorded investment in commercial loans held-for-investment at June 30, 2014, 2% was originated in 2014, 18% was originated in 2013, 43% was originated in 2012, 33% was originated in 2011, and 4% was originated in 2010.

At December 31, 2013, there were 50 commercial loans held-for-investment at amortized cost with an outstanding principal balance of $353 million and a carrying value of $343 million. Of the $351 million of recorded investment in commercial loans held-for-investment at December 31, 2013, 19% was originated in 2013, 43% was originated in 2012, 34% was originated in 2011, and 4% was originated in 2010.

Allowance for Loan Losses on Commercial Loans

For commercial loans classified as held-for-investment, we establish and maintain an allowance for loan losses. The allowance includes a component for loans collectively evaluated for impairment and a component for loans individually evaluated for impairment.

Our methodology for assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses includes a formal review of each commercial loan in the portfolio and the assignment of an internal impairment status. Based on the assigned impairment status, a loan is categorized as “Pass,” “Watch List,” or “Workout.” The following table presents the principal balance of commercial loans held-for-investment by risk category.

 

(In Thousands)

               June 30, 2014                  December 31, 2013      

Pass

      $ 331,558          $ 309,792     

Watch list

       25,734           43,539     

Workout

       -           -     
    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment

      $ 357,292          $ 353,331     
    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses on Commercial Loans

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for commercial loan losses for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

 

            Three Months Ended June 30,               Six Months Ended June 30,        

(In Thousands)

      2014     2013     2014     2013  

Balance at beginning of period

     $ 8,028         $ 4,769         $ 7,373         $ 4,084     

Charge-offs, net

      -              -              -              -         

Provision for loan losses

      289          891          944          1,576     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at End of Period

     $ 8,317         $ 5,660         $ 8,317         $ 5,660     
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 7. Commercial Loans — (continued)

 

Commercial Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment

At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, all of our commercial loans collectively evaluated for impairment were current. The following table summarizes the balances for loans collectively evaluated for impairment at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

               June 30, 2014                  December 31, 2013      

Principal balance

      $ 357,292          $ 353,331     

Recorded investment

       354,965           350,717     

Related allowance

       8,317           7,373     

Commercial Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment

We did not have any commercial loans individually evaluated for impairment at either June 30, 2014 or December 31, 2013.

Note 8. Real Estate Securities

We invest in mortgage-backed securities. The following table presents the fair values of our real estate securities by type at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

               June 30, 2014                  December 31, 2013      

Trading

      $ 173,281          $ 124,555     

Available-for-sale

       1,671,786           1,558,306     
    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Real Estate Securities

      $ 1,845,067          $ 1,682,861     
    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Our residential securities herein are presented in accordance with their general position within a securitization structure based on their rights to cash flows. Senior securities are those interests in a securitization that generally have the first right to cash flows and are last in line to absorb losses. Re-REMIC securities, as presented herein, were created through the resecuritization of certain senior interests to provide additional credit support to those interests. These re-REMIC securities are therefore subordinate to the remaining senior interest, but senior to any subordinate tranches of the securitization from which they were created. Subordinate securities are all interests below senior and re-REMIC interests.

Trading Securities

We elected the fair value option for certain securities and classify them as trading securities. At June 30, 2014, our trading securities included $105 million of interest-only securities, for which there is no principal balance, $62 million of senior securities and $6 million of residential subordinate securities. The unpaid principal balance of residential senior and subordinate securities classified as trading was $62 million and $15 million, respectively, at June 30, 2014. The following table presents trading securities by collateral type at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

              June 30, 2014                 December 31, 2013      

Senior Securities

     

Prime

     $ 159,311         $ 110,505     

Non-prime

      8,380          9,070     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Senior Securities

      167,691          119,575     

Subordinate Securities

     

Prime

      5,590          4,980     

Non-prime

      -              -         
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Subordinate Securities

      5,590          4,980     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Trading Securities

     $ 173,281         $ 124,555     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

39


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 8. Real Estate Securities — (continued)

 

AFS Securities

The following table presents the fair value of our available-for-sale securities held at Redwood by collateral type at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

              June 30, 2014                 December 31, 2013      

Senior Securities

     

Prime

     $ 711,710         $ 662,306     

Non-prime

      192,256          193,386     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Senior Securities

      903,966          855,692     

Re-REMIC Securities

      192,596          176,376     

Subordinate Securities

     

Prime

      575,067          526,095     

Non-prime

      157          143     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Subordinate Securities

      575,224          526,238     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total AFS Securities

     $ 1,671,786         $ 1,558,306     
   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The senior securities shown above at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, included $119 million and $131 million, respectively, of prime securities, and $127 million and $132 million, respectively, of non-prime securities that were financed through the Residential Resecuritization entity, as discussed in Note 4.

We often purchase AFS securities at a discount to their outstanding principal balances. To the extent we purchase an AFS security that has a likelihood of incurring a loss, we do not amortize into income the portion of the purchase discount that we do not expect to collect due to the inherent credit risk of the security. We may also expense a portion of our investment in the security to the extent we believe that principal losses will exceed the purchase discount. We designate any amount of unpaid principal balance that we do not expect to receive and thus do not expect to earn or recover as a credit reserve on the security. Any remaining net unamortized discounts or premiums on the security are amortized into income over time using the effective yield method.

At June 30, 2014, there were $10 million of AFS residential securities with contractual maturities less than five years, $2 million of AFS residential securities with contractual maturities greater than five years but less than ten years, and the remainder of our real estate securities had contractual maturities greater than ten years.

The following table presents the components of carrying value (which equals fair value) of residential AFS securities at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

Carrying Value of Residential AFS Securities

 

June 30, 2014    Senior                       

(In Thousands)

   Prime      Non-prime      Re-REMIC      Subordinate      Total  

Principal balance

    $ 710,620          $ 209,967          $ 223,389          $ 717,838          $ 1,861,814     

Credit reserve

     (5,476)          (9,697)          (17,788)          (50,315)          (83,276)    

Unamortized discount, net

     (37,763)          (36,387)          (89,089)          (141,054)          (304,293)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Amortized cost

     667,381           163,883           116,512           526,469           1,474,245     

Gross unrealized gains

     45,952           28,385           76,084           54,289           204,710     

Gross unrealized losses

     (1,623)          (12)          -                (5,534)          (7,169)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Carrying Value

    $         711,710          $         192,256          $         192,596          $         575,224          $         1,671,786     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

40


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 8. Real Estate Securities — (continued)

 

December 31, 2013    Senior                       

(In Thousands)

   Prime      Non-prime      Re-REMIC      Subordinate      Total  

Principal balance

    $ 670,051          $ 218,603          $ 214,046          $ 706,292          $ 1,808,992     

Credit reserve

     (10,144)          (13,840)          (30,429)          (62,457)          (116,870)    

Unamortized discount, net

     (44,133)          (36,882)          (80,188)          (137,266)          (298,469)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Amortized cost

     615,774           167,881           103,429           506,569           1,393,653     

Gross unrealized gains

     47,980           25,654           72,947           41,205           187,786     

Gross unrealized losses

     (1,448)          (149)          -                (21,536)          (23,133)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Carrying Value

    $         662,306          $         193,386          $         176,376          $         526,238          $         1,558,306     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table presents the changes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, in unamortized discount and designated credit reserves on residential AFS securities.

Changes in Unamortized Discount and Designated Credit Reserves on Residential AFS Securities

 

     Three Months Ended June 30, 2014  

(In Thousands)

   Credit
Reserve
     Unamortized
Discount, Net
 

Beginning balance

    $ 95,688          $ 303,733     

Amortization of net discount

     -                (10,586)    

Realized credit losses

     (3,973)          -          

Acquisitions

     257           3,246     

Sales, calls, other

     (476)          (584)    

Impairments

     264           -          

Transfers to (release of) credit reserves, net

     (8,484)          8,484     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending Balance

    $                       83,276          $                     304,293     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

     Six Months Ended June 30, 2014  

(In Thousands)

   Credit
Reserve
     Unamortized
Discount, Net
 

Beginning balance

    $ 116,870          $ 298,469     

Amortization of net discount

     -                (21,884)    

Realized credit losses

     (7,310)          -          

Acquisitions

     257           2,837     

Sales, calls, other

     (1,412)          (635)    

Impairments

     377           -          

Transfers to (release of) credit reserves, net

     (25,506)          25,506     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending Balance

    $                       83,276          $                     304,293     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Residential AFS Securities with Unrealized Losses

The following table presents the components comprising the total carrying value of residential AFS securities that were in a gross unrealized loss position at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

     Less Than 12 Consecutive Months      12 Consecutive Months or Longer  

(In Thousands)

   Amortized
Cost
     Unrealized
Losses
     Fair
Value
     Amortized
Cost
     Unrealized
Losses
     Fair
Value
 

June 30, 2014

    $     300,804          $ (2,691)         $     298,113          $     122,012          $     (4,478)         $     117,534     

December 31, 2013

     607,030               (21,195)          585,835           19,828           (1,938)          17,890     

 

41


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 8. Real Estate Securities — (continued)

 

At June 30, 2014, after giving effect to purchases, sales, and extinguishments due to credit losses, our consolidated balance sheet included 306 AFS securities, of which 44 were in an unrealized loss position and 16 were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 consecutive months or longer. At December 31, 2013, our consolidated balance sheet included 303 AFS securities, of which 76 were in an unrealized loss position and five were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 consecutive months or longer.

Evaluating AFS Securities for Other-than-Temporary Impairments

Gross unrealized losses on our AFS securities were $7 million at June 30, 2014. We evaluate all securities in an unrealized loss position to determine if the impairment is temporary or other-than-temporary (resulting in an OTTI). At June 30, 2014, we did not intend to sell any of our AFS securities that were in an unrealized loss position, and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of their amortized cost basis, which may be at their maturity. We review our AFS securities that are in an unrealized loss position to identify those securities with losses that are other-than-temporary based on an assessment of changes in expected cash flows for such securities, which considers recent security performance and expected future performance of the underlying collateral.

During the three months ended June 30, 2014, we determined that unrealized losses of $3 million related to our AFS securities were OTTI, of which $264 thousand was determined to be credit related and recorded in “Other market valuation adjustments” in our consolidated statements of income and $2.7 million was determined to be non-credit related and recorded through AOCI on our consolidated balance sheets. AFS securities on which OTTI is recognized have experienced, or are expected to experience, credit-related adverse cash flow changes. In determining our estimate of cash flows for AFS securities we may consider factors such as structural credit enhancement, past and expected future performance of underlying mortgage loans, including timing of expected future cash flows, which are informed by prepayment rates, default rates, loss severities, delinquency rates, percentage of non-performing loans, FICO scores at loan origination, year of origination, loan-to-value ratios, and geographic concentrations, as well as general market assessments. Changes in our evaluation of these factors impacted the cash flows expected to be collected at the OTTI assessment date and were used to determine if there were credit-related adverse cash flows and if so, the amount of credit related losses. Significant judgment is used in both our analysis of the expected cash flows for our AFS securities and any determination of the credit loss component of OTTI.

The table below summarizes the significant valuation assumptions we used for our OTTI AFS securities at June 30, 2014.

Significant Valuation Assumptions

 

     Range for Securities  

June 30, 2014

   Prime Securities      Non-prime  

Prepayment rates

     7 - 20  %         10 - 10  %   

Loss severity

                             20 - 53   %                                 35 - 35  %   

Projected default rate

     1 - 20  %         11 - 11  %   

The following table details the activity related to the credit loss component of OTTI (i.e., OTTI recognized through earnings) for AFS securities held at June 30, 2014 and 2013, for which a portion of an OTTI was recognized in other comprehensive income.

Activity of the Credit Component of Other-than-Temporary Impairments

 

      Three Months Ended June 30,          Six Months Ended June 30,     

(In Thousands)

  2014     2013     2014     2013  

Balance at beginning of period

   $ 35,786         $ 45,611         $ 37,149         $ 50,852     

Additions

       

Initial credit impairments

    190          -               261          -          

Subsequent credit impairments

    28          -               70          -          

Reductions

       

Securities sold, or expected to sell

    (904)         (2,191)         (904)         (2,191)    

Securities with no outstanding principal at period end

    (844)         (746)         (2,320)         (5,987)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at End of Period

   $ 34,256         $ 42,674         $ 34,256         $ 42,674     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

42


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 8. Real Estate Securities — (continued)

 

Gross Realized Gains and Losses on AFS Securities

Gains and losses from the sale of AFS securities are recorded as realized gains, net, in our consolidated statements of income. The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses on sales and calls of AFS securities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

 

         Three Months Ended June 30,                Six Months Ended June 30,        

(In Thousands)

  2014     2013     2014     2013  

Gross realized gains - sales

   $ 992         $ 193         $ 992         $ 12,231     

Gross realized gains - calls

    -              333          987          333     

Gross realized losses - sales

    -              -              -              -         

Gross realized losses - calls

    -              -              -              -         
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total Realized Gains on Sales and Calls of AFS Securities, net

   $ 992         $ 526         $ 1,979         $ 12,564     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Note 9. Mortgage Servicing Rights

We invest in mortgage servicing rights and contract with a licensed sub-servicer to perform all servicing functions for loans associated with our MSRs. The following table presents activity for MSRs for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

MSR Activity

 

          Three Months Ended June 30,                   Six Months Ended June 30,          

(In Thousands)

  2014     2013     2014     2013  

Balance at beginning of period

   $ 64,971         $ 18,123         $ 64,824         $ 5,315     

Additions

    11,807          16,148          14,666          28,614     

Changes in fair value due to:

       

Changes in assumptions (1)

    (3,553)         9,506          (4,678)         10,312     

Other changes (2)

    (2,000)         (679)         (3,587)         (1,143)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at End of Period

   $ 71,225         $ 43,098         $ 71,225         $ 43,098     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Primarily reflects changes in prepayment assumptions due to changes in interest rates and discount rates.

(2)

Represents changes due to realization of expected cash flows.

We make investments in MSRs through the retention of servicing rights associated with the residential mortgage loans that we have acquired and subsequently transfer to third parties or through the direct acquisition of MSRs sold by third parties. The following table details the retention and purchase of MSRs during the three and six months ended June 30, 2014.

MSR Additions

 

(In Thousands)

               Three Months Ended             
June 30, 2014
                   Six Months Ended               
June 30, 2014
 
          MSR Value               Associated    
Principal
          MSR Value               Associated    
Principal
 

Jumbo MSR additions:

           

From securitization

    $ 2,186          $ 257,201          $ 2,186          $ 257,201     

From loan Sales

     -               -               488           58,793     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total jumbo MSR additions

     2,186           257,201           2,674           315,994     

Conforming MSR additions:

           

From loan sales

    $ 7,495          $ 725,339          $ 9,302          $ 880,437     

From purchases

     2,126           213,953           2,690           273,342     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total conforming MSR additions

     9,621           939,292           11,992           1,153,779     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total MSR additions

    $ 11,807          $ 1,196,493          $ 14,666          $ 1,469,773     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 9. Mortgage Servicing Rights — (continued)

 

MSR Income

The following table presents the components of our MSR income.

 

           Three Months Ended June 30,                   Six Months Ended June 30,         

(In Thousands)

   2014      2013      2014      2013  

Servicing income, net:

           

Income

    $   4,026          $     1,943          $   7,624          $ 2,793     

Late charges

     38           11           73           18     

Cost of sub-servicer

     (288)          (234)          (603)          (412)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net servicing income

     3,776           1,720           7,094           2,399     

Market valuation adjustments

     (5,553)          8,827           (8,265)          9,169     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Income from MSRs, Net

    $ (1,777)         $ 10,547          $ (1,171)         $      11,568     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Note 10. Derivative Financial Instruments

The following table presents the fair value and notional amount of derivative financial instruments held by us at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

     June 30, 2014      December 31, 2013  

(In Thousands)

   Fair
Value
     Notional
Amount
     Fair
Value
     Notional
Amount
 

Assets - Risk Management Derivatives

           

Interest rate swaps

    $ 4          $ 4,000          $ 5,972          $ 268,000     

TBAs

     3,294           498,000           1,138           241,000     

Swaptions

     1,921           265,000           596           340,000     

CMBX

     588           25,000           -               -         

Assets - Other Derivatives

           

Loan purchase commitments

     1,707           329,914           -               360     

Loan forward sale commitments

     -               -               81           10,000     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

    $ 7,514          $ 1,121,914          $ 7,787          $ 859,360     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities - Cash Flow Hedges

           

Interest rate swaps

    $ (30,719)         $ 139,500          $ (16,519)         $ 139,500     

Liabilities - Risk Management Derivatives

           

Interest rate swaps

     (1,918)          291,500           (80)          50,500     

TBAs

     (5,540)          751,500           (661)          235,000     

Futures

     (494)          126,000           (528)          162,000     

Liabilities - Other Derivatives

           

Loan purchase commitments

     (45)          49,565           (379)          42,562     

Loan forward sale commitments

     (1,121)          245,905           -               -         
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

    $ (39,837)         $ 1,603,970          $ (18,167)         $ 629,562     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivative Financial Instruments, Net

    $             (32,323)         $           2,725,884          $             (10,380)         $           1,488,922     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

44


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 10. Derivative Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

Risk Management Derivatives

To offset, to varying degrees, risks associated with certain assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet, we may enter into derivative contracts. In order to manage certain risks associated with residential loans, residential securities, and commercial loans we own or plan to acquire, at June 30, 2014, we were party to swaps and swaptions with an aggregate notional amount of $560 million, TBA contracts sold with an aggregate notional amount of $1.3 billion and financial futures contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $126 million. Net market valuation adjustments on risk management derivatives were negative $25 million and positive $51 million for the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Loan Purchase and Forward Sale Commitments

LPCs and FSCs that qualify as derivatives are recorded at their estimated fair values. Net valuation adjustments on LPCs and FSCs were positive $4 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, respectively, and are reported through our consolidated statements of income in mortgage banking activities, net.

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

To hedge the variability in interest expense related to our long-term debt and certain adjustable-rate securitization entity liabilities that are included in our consolidated balance sheets for financial reporting purposes, we designated certain interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges with an aggregate notional balance of $140 million.

For the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, designated cash flow hedges decreased in value by $5 million and increased in value by $14 million, respectively, which was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of equity. For the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, these cash flow hedges decreased in value by $14 million and increased in value by $21 million, respectively. For interest rate agreements currently or previously designated as cash flow hedges, our total unrealized loss reported in accumulated other comprehensive income was $30 million and $16 million at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, respectively. For both of the three months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, we reclassified less than $100 thousand of unrealized losses on derivatives to interest expense. For the six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013, we reclassified $99 thousand and $157 thousand, respectively, of unrealized losses on derivatives to interest expense. Accumulated other comprehensive loss of less than $1 million will be amortized into interest expense, a component of our consolidated income statements, over the remaining life of the hedge liabilities.

The following table illustrates the impact on interest expense of our interest rate agreements accounted for as cash flow hedges for the three and six months ended June 30, 2014 and 2013.

Impact on Interest Expense of Our Interest Rate Agreements Accounted for as Cash Flow Hedges

 

          Three Months Ended June 30,                  Six Months Ended June 30,         

(In Thousands)

   2014      2013      2014      2013  

Net interest expense on cash flow interest rate agreements

    $ (1,490)         $ (1,470)         $ (2,978)         $ (2,934)    

Realized income (expense) due to ineffective portion of hedges

     -               -               -               -         

Realized net losses reclassified from other comprehensive income

     (39)          (69)          (99)          (157)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Interest Expense

    $ (1,529)         $ (1,539)         $ (3,077)         $ (3,091)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivative Counterparty Credit Risk

We incur credit risk to the extent that counterparties to our derivative financial instruments do not perform their obligations under specified contractual agreements. If a derivative counterparty does not perform, we may not receive the proceeds to which we may be entitled under these agreements. Each of our derivative counterparties that is not a clearinghouse must maintain compliance with International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) agreements or other similar agreements (or receive a waiver of non-compliance after a specific assessment) in order to conduct derivative transactions with us. Additionally, we review non-clearinghouse derivative counterparty credit standings, and in the case of a deterioration of creditworthiness, appropriate remedial

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 10. Derivative Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

action is taken. To further mitigate counterparty risk, we exit derivatives contracts with counterparties that (i) do not maintain compliance with (or obtain a waiver from) the terms of their ISDA or other agreements with us; or (ii) do not meet internally established guidelines regarding creditworthiness. Our ISDA and similar agreements currently require full bilateral collateralization of unrealized loss exposures with our derivative counterparties. Through a margin posting process, our positions are revalued with counterparties each business day and cash margin is generally transferred to either us or our derivative counterparties as collateral based upon the directional changes in fair value of the positions. We also attempt to transact with several different counterparties in order to reduce our specific counterparty exposure. With respect to certain of our derivatives, clearing and settlement is through one or more clearinghouses, which may be substituted as a counterparty. Clearing and settlement of derivative transactions through a clearinghouse is also intended to reduce specific counterparty exposure. We consider counterparty risk as part of our fair value assessments of all derivative financial instruments.

At June 30, 2014, we were in compliance with ISDA and similar agreements governing our open derivative positions. We assessed the risk associated with these counterparties as remote and did not record a specific valuation adjustment.

Note 11. Other Assets and Liabilities

Other assets at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, are summarized in the following table.

Other Assets

 

(In Thousands)

           June 30, 2014                  December 31, 2013      

Margin receivable

    $ 58,455          $ 31,149     

Investment receivable

     3,142           8,923     

Other pledged collateral

     5,000           5,000     

REO

     3,323           3,661     

Prepaid expenses

     1,576           1,850     

Fixed assets and leasehold improvements

     1,754           1,232     

Income tax receivables

     2,902           170     

Other

     1,612           1,655     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Other Assets

    $ 77,764          $ 53,640     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Margin receivable resulted from margin calls from our swap, master repurchase agreements, and warehouse facilities counterparties that required us to post collateral.

The carrying value of REO at June 30, 2014, was $3 million, which includes the net effect of $2 million related to transfers into REO during the first six months of 2014, offset by $2 million of REO liquidations. At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, there were 20 REO properties recorded on our consolidated balance sheets, all of which were owned at consolidated Sequoia entities.

Accrued Expenses and Other Liabilities

Accrued expenses and other liabilities at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 are summarized in the following table.

 

(In Thousands)

           June 30, 2014                  December 31, 2013      

Accrued compensation

    $ 9,830          $ 22,160     

Legal reserve

     12,000           12,000     

Derivative margin payable

     2,063           4,700     

Accrued operating expenses

     3,913           4,291     

Residential repurchase reserve

     2,477           1,771     

Income tax payable

     1,160           1,337     

Unsettled trades

     4,420           -         

Other

     6,360           2,445     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Other Liabilities

    $ 42,223          $ 48,704     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 11. Other Assets and Liabilities — (continued)

 

See Note 15 for additional information on the legal and residential repurchase reserves.

Note 12. Short-Term Debt

We enter into repurchase agreements, bank warehouse agreements, and other forms of collateralized (and generally uncommitted) short-term borrowings with several banks and major investment banking firms. At June 30, 2014, we had outstanding agreements with 15 counterparties and we were in compliance with all of the related covenants. Further information about these financial covenants is set forth in Part I, Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

The table below summarizes the facilities that are available to us and the balances of short-term debt at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013 by the type of collateral securing the debt.

 

     June 30, 2014  

(Dollars in Thousands)

        Number of     
Facilities
        Outstanding                 Limit                    Maturity        

Collateral Type

           

Residential loans

     5         $ 852,267         $ 1,400,000           7/2014-4/2015    

Commercial loans

     1           12,413           100,000           4/2015    

Real estate securities

     9           853,750           -               7/2014-9/2014    
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

Total

     15          $ 1,718,430           
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

 

     December 31, 2013  

(Dollars in Thousands)

        Number of     
Facilities
        Outstanding                 Limit                    Maturity        

Collateral Type

           

Residential loans

     5         $ 184,789          $ 1,400,000           1/2014 - 12/2014    

Commercial loans

     1           -               100,000           4/2014    

Real estate securities

     7           677,974           -               1/2014 - 2/2014    
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

Total

     13          $ 862,763           
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

Borrowings under these facilities are generally charged interest based on a specified margin over the one-month LIBOR interest rate. At June 30, 2014, all of these borrowings were under uncommitted facilities and were due within 364 days (or less) of the borrowing date. The fair value of residential loans, commercial loans, and real estate securities pledged as collateral was $954 million, $17 million, and $1.03 billion, respectively, at June 30, 2014. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2014, the average balance of short-term debt was $1.3 billion and $1.2 billion, respectively. At June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, accrued interest payable on short-term debt was $1.4 million and less than $1 million, respectively.

We also maintain a $10 million committed line of credit with one financial institution, which is secured by our pledge of certain mortgage-backed securities we own. At both June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, we had no outstanding borrowings on this facility.

 

47


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 12. Short-Term Debt — (continued)

 

Characteristics of Short-Term Debt

The table below summarizes short-term debt by weighted average interest rates and by collateral type at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

     June 30, 2014      December 31, 2013  

(Dollars in Thousands)

   Amount
  Borrowed  
       Weighted  
Average
Interest
Rate
         Weighted    
Average
Days Until
Maturity
     Amount
  Borrowed  
       Weighted  
Average
Interest
Rate
         Weighted    
Average
Days Until
Maturity
 

Collateral Type

                 

Residential loan collateral

    $ 852,267           1.72%          138         $ 184,789           1.71%          228    

Commercial loan collateral

     12,413           2.40%          300          -               -               -         

Real estate securities collateral

     853,750           1.31%          16          677,974           1.34%          15    
  

 

 

          

 

 

       

Total Short-Term Debt

    $     1,718,430           1.52%          78         $       862,763           1.42%          61    
  

 

 

          

 

 

       

Remaining Maturities of Short-Term Debt

The following table presents the remaining maturities of short-term debt at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013.

 

(In Thousands)

           June 30, 2014                  December 31, 2013      

Within 30 days

    $ 1,069,160          $ 659,262     

31 to 90 days

     186,227           54,434     

Over 90 days

     463,043           149,067     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Short-Term Debt

    $ 1,718,430          $ 862,763     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Note 13. Asset-Backed Securities Issued

Through our Sequoia securitization program, we sponsor securitization transactions in which ABS backed by residential mortgage loans are issued by Sequoia entities. ABS were also issued by securitization entities in the Residential Resecuritization and the Commercial Securitization. Each securitization entity is independent of Redwood and of each other and the assets and liabilities are not owned by and are not legal obligations of Redwood. Our exposure to these entities is primarily through the financial interests we have retained, although we are exposed to certain financial risks associated with our role as a sponsor, manager, or depositor of these entities.

As a general matter, ABS have been issued by these securitization entities to fund the acquisition of assets from us or from third parties. The ABS issued by these entities consist of various classes of securities that pay interest on a monthly or quarterly basis. Substantially all ABS issued pay variable rates of interest, which are indexed to one-, three-, or six-month LIBOR. Some ABS issued pay fixed rates of interest or pay hybrid rates, which are fixed rates that subsequently adjust to variable rates. ABS issued also includes some interest-only classes with coupons set at a fixed rate or a fixed spread to a benchmark rate, or set at a spread to the interest rates earned on the assets less the interest rates paid on the liabilities of a securitization entity.

 

48


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

June 30, 2014

(Unaudited)

Note 13. Asset-Backed Securities Issued — (continued)

 

The carrying values of ABS issued by consolidated securitization entities we sponsored at June 30, 2014 and December 31, 2013, along with other selected information, are summarized in the following table.

Asset-Backed Securities Issued

 

     June 30, 2014  

(Dollars in Thousands)

           Sequoia              Residential
 Resecuritization 
     Commercial
  Securitization  
               Total            

Certificates with principal balance

    $ 1,565,943          $ 69,709          $ 144,700          $ 1,780,352     

Interest-only certificates

     2,605           -               -               2,605     

Unamortized discount

     (14,879)          -               -               (14,879)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total ABS Issued

    $ 1,553,669          $ 69,709