Table of Contents

 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 10-Q

 

 

 

x   

QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

  
   For the Quarterly Period Ended: September 30, 2013                         

OR

 

¨   

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)

OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

  
   For the Transition Period from                              to                              .   

Commission File Number 1-13759

 

 

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 

Maryland   68-0329422

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

 

One Belvedere Place, Suite 300

Mill Valley, California

  94941
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

(415) 389-7373

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Not Applicable

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes x  No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).  Yes x    No   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer x   Accelerated filer ¨   Non-accelerated filer ¨   Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).  Yes ¨  No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share

   82,394,379 shares outstanding as of November 4, 2013

 

 

 


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.

2013 FORM 10-Q REPORT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

                Page    

PART I

       

Item 1.

     Financial Statements    1
     Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2013 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2012    1
     Consolidated Statements of Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (Unaudited)    2
     Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (Unaudited)    3
     Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (Unaudited)    4
     Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 (Unaudited)    5
     Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements    6

Item 2.

     Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    58

Item 3.

     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    112

Item 4.

     Controls and Procedures    112

PART II

       

Item 1.

     Legal Proceedings    113

Item 1A.

     Risk Factors    114

Item 2.

     Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds    114

Item 3.

     Defaults Upon Senior Securities    114

Item 4.

     Mine Safety Disclosures (Not Applicable)    114

Item 5.

     Other Information    114

Item 6.

     Exhibits    115

Signatures

        116

 

i


Table of Contents

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

                                                                           

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

(Unaudited)

   September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  
ASSETS      

Residential loans, held-for-sale (includes $727,278 and $556,283 at fair value)

     $ 727,879           $ 562,658     

Residential loans, held-for-investment

     1,864,653           2,272,812     

Commercial loans, held-for-sale (includes $27,413 and $0 at fair value)

     27,413           8,500     

Commercial loans, held-for-investment

     352,440           304,510     

Real estate securities, at fair value

     1,324,678           1,108,753     

Mortgage servicing rights, at fair value

     60,234           5,315     

Cash and cash equivalents

     204,646           81,080     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total earning assets

     4,561,943           4,343,628     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Restricted cash

     417           383     

Accrued interest receivable

     14,523           12,442     

Derivative assets

     4,852           2,972     

Deferred securities issuance costs

     14,694           9,293     

Other assets

     63,087           75,380     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets (1)

     $ 4,659,516           $ 4,444,098     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY      

Liabilities

     

Short-term debt

     $ 838,299           $ 551,918     

Accrued interest payable

     11,162           4,592     

Derivative liabilities

     32,697           51,081     

Accrued expenses and other liabilities

     36,918           26,902     

Asset-backed securities issued

     2,061,665           2,529,941     

Long-term debt

     471,605           139,500     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total liabilities (1)

     3,452,346           3,303,934     

Equity

     

Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 180,000,000 and 165,000,000 shares authorized; 82,388,502 and 81,716,416 issued and outstanding

     824           817     

Additional paid-in capital

     1,757,680           1,744,554     

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     114,768           138,332     

Cumulative earnings

     781,164           633,052     

Cumulative distributions to stockholders

     (1,447,266)          (1,376,591)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total equity

     1,207,170           1,140,164     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities and Equity

     $ 4,659,516           $ 4,444,098     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1)

Our consolidated balance sheets include assets of consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”) that can only be used to settle obligations of these VIEs and liabilities of consolidated VIEs for which creditors do not have recourse to the primary beneficiary (Redwood Trust, Inc.). At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, assets of consolidated VIEs totaled $2,419,786 and $2,901,214, respectively, and liabilities of consolidated VIEs totaled $2,063,758 and $2,532,916, respectively. See Note 4 for further discussion.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

(Unaudited)

   Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  
   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Interest Income

           

Residential loans

     $ 17,027           $ 20,419           $ 53,497           $ 65,041     

Commercial loans

     10,740           7,482           30,534           18,363     

Real estate securities

     29,649           31,805           84,480           94,532     

Cash and cash equivalents

     4           17           153           52     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total interest income

     57,420           59,723           168,664           177,988     

Interest Expense

           

Short-term debt

     (5,227)          (2,737)          (13,721)          (6,863)    

Asset-backed securities issued

     (9,712)          (23,171)          (31,022)          (73,827)    

Long-term debt

     (6,894)          (2,377)          (16,908)          (7,132)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total interest expense

     (21,833)          (28,285)          (61,651)          (87,822)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net Interest Income

     35,587           31,438           107,013           90,166     

Provision for loan losses

     (1,727)          (1,319)          (493)          (254)    

Other market valuation adjustments

     462           2,164           (4,433)          1,440     

Other-than-temporary impairments (1)

     -               (1,207)          (1,666)          (1,842)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Other market valuation adjustments, net

     462           957           (6,099)          (402)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net Interest Income After Provision and Other Market Valuation Adjustments

     34,322           31,076           100,421           89,510     

Mortgage banking activities, net

     (5,944)          12,303           98,608           13,642     

Operating expenses

     (21,853)          (17,102)          (65,095)          (46,900)    

Realized gains, net

     10,469           13,940           23,291           34,555     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income before provision for income taxes

     16,994           40,217           157,225           90,807     

Benefit from (provision for) income taxes

     4,935           (516)          (9,113)          (1,116)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net Income Attributable to Redwood Trust, Inc.

     $ 21,929           $ 39,701           $ 148,112           $ 89,691     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic earnings per common share

     $ 0.26           $ 0.48           $ 1.76           $ 1.10     

Diluted earnings per common share

     $ 0.25           $ 0.48           $ 1.65           $ 1.09     

Regular dividends declared per common share

     $ 0.28           $ 0.25           $ 0.84           $ 0.75     

Basic weighted average shares outstanding

         82,201,473               79,685,099               81,888,231               78,908,057     

Diluted weighted average shares outstanding

     84,422,039           80,764,380           93,233,865           80,175,660     

  

 

 

(1)

For the three months ended September 30, 2013, there were no other-than-temporary impairments. For the three months ended September 30, 2012, other-than-temporary impairments were $1,580 of which $373 were recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, other-than-temporary impairments were $1,666, none of which were recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, other-than-temporary impairments were $2,472, of which $630 were recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

 

                                                                                       

(In Thousands)

(Unaudited)

   Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  
   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Net Income

     $ 21,929             $ 39,701           $ 148,112           $ 89,691     

Other comprehensive (loss) income:

           

Net unrealized (loss) gain on available-for-sale securities

     (633)          41,392           (29,615)          83,467     

Reclassification of unrealized (gain) loss to net income

     (6,962)          796           (19,211)          1,210     

Net unrealized gain (loss) on interest rate agreements

     4,018           2,346           25,043           (914)    

Reclassification of unrealized loss on interest rate agreements to net income

     62           1,126           219           3,260     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other comprehensive (loss) income

     (3,515)          45,660           (23,564)          87,023     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Comprehensive Income Attributable to Redwood Trust, Inc.

     $ 18,414             $ 85,361           $ 124,548           $ 176,714     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

 

                      Accumulated                    
    Common Stock     Additional     Other           Cumulative        
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)               Paid-In     Comprehensive     Cumulative     Distributions        

(Unaudited)

  Shares     Amount     Capital     Income     Earnings     to Stockholders     Total  

December 31, 2012

    81,716,416          $ 817          $ 1,744,554          $ 138,332          $ 633,052          $ (1,376,591)         $ 1,140,164     

Net income

    -              -              -              -              148,112          -              148,112     

Other comprehensive (loss) income

    -              -              -              (23,564)         -              -              (23,564)    

Issuance of common stock:

             

Dividend reinvestment & stock purchase plans

    374,371          4          7,073          -              -              -              7,077     

Employee stock purchase and incentive plans

    297,715          3          (5,390)         -              -              -              (5,387)    

Non-cash equity award compensation

    -              -              11,443          -              -              -              11,443     

Common dividends declared

    -              -              -              -              -              (70,675)         (70,675)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

September 30, 2013

      82,388,502          $     824          $     1,757,680          $         114,768          $     781,164          $       (1,447,266)         $     1,207,170     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2012

 

  

                      Accumulated                    
    Common Stock     Additional     Other           Cumulative        
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)               Paid-In     Comprehensive     Cumulative     Distributions        

(Unaudited)

  Shares     Amount     Capital     Income (Loss)     Earnings     to Stockholders     Total  

December 31, 2011

    78,555,908          $ 786          $ 1,697,979          $ (13,151)         $ 501,283          $ (1,294,313)         $ 892,584     

Net income

    -              -              -              -              89,691          -              89,691     

Other comprehensive income

    -              -              -              87,023          -              -              87,023     

Issuance of common stock:

             

Dividend reinvestment & stock purchase plans

    2,609,151          26          36,398          -              -              -              36,424     

Employee stock purchase and incentive plans

    361,262          3          (1,905)         -              -              -              (1,902)    

Non-cash equity award compensation

    -              -              7,369          -              -              -              7,369     

Common dividends declared

    -              -              -              -              -              (61,337)         (61,337)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

September 30, 2012

    81,526,321          $ 815          $ 1,739,841          $ 73,872          $ 590,974          $ (1,355,650)         $ 1,049,852     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

                                                             
(In Thousands)    Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(Unaudited)

   2013      2012  

Cash Flows From Operating Activities:

     

Net income attributable to Redwood Trust, Inc.

     $ 148,112           $ 89,691     

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash used in operating activities:

     

Amortization of premiums, discounts, and securities issuance costs, net

     (18,060)          (18,045)    

Depreciation and amortization of non-financial assets

     310           1,727     

Purchases of loans

     (6,864,921)          (1,522,949)    

Proceeds from sales of loans

     6,254,382           1,051,778     

Principal payments on loans

     9,467           7,438     

Net settlements of derivatives

     55,694           (20,376)    

Provision for loan losses

     493           254     

Non-cash equity award compensation

     11,443           7,369     

Market valuation adjustments, net

     (76,425)          4,489     

Realized gains, net

     (34,322)          (52,003)    

Net change in:

     

Accrued interest receivable, deferred tax assets, and other assets

     2,374           5,538     

Accrued interest payable and accrued expenses and other liabilities

     17,378           26,458     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

     (494,075)          (418,631)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash Flows From Investing Activities:

     

Purchases of loans held-for-investment

     (63,071)          (135,662)    

Proceeds from sales of loans (1)

     440           357,742     

Principal payments on loans

     415,576           425,344     

Purchases of real estate securities

     (142,628)          (338,058)    

Proceeds from sales of real estate securities

     213,139           172,265     

Principal payments on real estate securities

     124,030           173,849     

Proceeds from deconsolidation

     -               6,386     

Purchase of mortgage servicing rights

     (3,106)          -         

Net increase in restricted cash

     (34)          (27,600)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by investing activities

     544,346           634,266     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash Flows From Financing Activities:

     

Proceeds from borrowings on short-term debt

     5,745,892           1,043,767     

Repayments on short-term debt

     (5,459,511)          (949,609)    

Proceeds from issuance of asset-backed securities

     -               2,445     

Repayments on asset-backed securities issued

     (465,986)          (491,134)    

Deferred securities issuance costs

     (9,184)          -         

Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt

     332,119           -         

Repayments on long-term debt

     (14)          -         

Net settlements of derivatives

     (9)          (20,047)    

Net proceeds from issuance of common stock

     6,452           34,698     

Taxes paid on equity award distributions

     (5,789)          (2,210)    

Dividends paid

     (70,675)          (61,337)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     73,295           (443,427)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     123,566           (227,792)    

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period

     81,080           267,176     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period

     $ 204,646           $ 39,384     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Supplemental Cash Flow Information:

     

Cash paid during the period for:

     

Interest

     $ 60,394           $ 89,727     

Taxes

     3,397           225     

Supplemental Noncash Information:

     

Real estate securities retained from whole loan securitizations

     $ 379,174           $ 107,219     

Retention of mortgage servicing rights from whole loan securitizations

     41,128           3,849     

Transfers from residential loans to real estate owned

     3,448           4,825     

 

(1)

For the nine months ended September 30, 2012, the proceeds from sales of loans included in investing activities related to loans that were reclassified from loans held-for-investment to loans held-for-sale during the fourth quarter of 2011.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

Note 1. Redwood Trust

Redwood Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (“Redwood,” “we,” or “us”), is an internally-managed specialty finance company focused on engaging in residential and commercial mortgage banking activities and investing in mortgage- and other real estate-related assets. We seek to generate fee and gain on sale income through our mortgage banking activities and to invest in real estate-related assets that have the potential to generate attractive cash flow returns over time. For tax purposes, Redwood Trust, Inc. is structured as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”).

Our investment portfolio includes investments in residential mortgage-backed securities issued in Sequoia securitization transactions, as well as residential securities issued by third parties. We also invest in other assets, securities, and instruments that are related to residential real estate, such as mortgage servicing rights (“MSRs”). Our investment portfolio also includes investments in commercial loans that are originated through our commercial mortgage banking activities and may include investments in commercial mortgage-backed securities (“CMBS”) or other forms of commercial real estate financing originated by others. We assume a range of risks in our investments and the level of risk is influenced by, among other factors, the manner in which we finance our purchases of, and derive income from, our investments.

Redwood was incorporated in the State of Maryland on April 11, 1994, and commenced operations on August 19, 1994. Our executive offices are located at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements presented herein are at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States of America — as prescribed by the Financial Accounting Standards Board’s (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) — and using the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (“SEC”) instructions to Form 10-Q. Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified in the consolidated financial statements and the related footnotes to conform to the 2013 presentation.

Organization

For tax purposes, Redwood Trust, Inc. is structured as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”). Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Redwood, its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, and other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. Our consolidated subsidiaries include both qualifying REIT subsidiaries and taxable subsidiaries. References to the REIT include Redwood and its qualifying REIT subsidiaries, excluding taxable subsidiaries.

We sponsor our Sequoia securitization program, which we use for the securitization of residential mortgage loans. References to Sequoia with respect to any time or period generally refer collectively to all the then consolidated Sequoia securitization entities for the periods presented. We have also engaged in securitization transactions in order to obtain financing for certain of our securities and commercial loans. We previously engaged in other securitization transactions through the Acacia program, which was used for the securitization of mortgage-backed securities and other types of financial assets. References to Acacia generally refer collectively to the consolidated Acacia securitization entities for the periods presented.

Financial Information About Industry Segments

FASB ASC 280, Segment Reporting, establishes standards for reporting financial and descriptive information about an enterprise’s reportable segments. We currently evaluate all of our residential and commercial real estate-related investments and management activities as one reportable industry segment, and, accordingly, we do not report distinct segment information.

Principles of Consolidation

We apply FASB guidance to determine whether we must consolidate transferred financial assets and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) for financial reporting purposes. We currently consolidate the assets and liabilities of the Sequoia securitization entities where we maintain an ongoing involvement, as well as an entity formed in connection with a resecuritization transaction we engaged

 

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Note 2. Basis of Presentation — (continued)

 

in during 2011 (“Residential Resecuritization”), and an entity formed in connection with a commercial securitization we engaged in during the fourth quarter of 2012 (“Commercial Securitization”). Prior to December 31, 2012, we consolidated the assets and liabilities of certain Acacia securitization entities. Each securitization entity is independent of Redwood and of each other and the assets and liabilities are not owned by and are not legal obligations of Redwood, although we are exposed to certain financial risks associated with our role as a sponsor, manager, or depositor of these entities or as a result of our having sold assets directly or indirectly to these entities.

For financial reporting purposes, the underlying loans and securities owned at the consolidated Sequoia entities, the Residential Resecuritization entity, and the Commercial Securitization entity are shown under residential and commercial loans and real estate securities on our consolidated balance sheets. The asset-backed securities (“ABS”) issued to third parties by these entities are shown under ABS issued. In our consolidated statements of income, we record interest income on the loans and securities owned at these entities and interest expense on the ABS issued by these entities.

See Note 4 for further discussion on principles of consolidation.

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires us to make a number of significant estimates. These include estimates of fair value of certain assets and liabilities, amounts and timing of credit losses, prepayment rates, and other estimates that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of certain revenues and expenses during the reported period. It is likely that changes in these estimates (e.g., valuation changes due to supply and demand, credit performance, prepayments, interest rates, or other reasons) will occur in the near term. Our estimates are inherently subjective in nature and actual results could differ from our estimates and the differences could be material.

Fair Value Measurements

Our financial statements include assets and liabilities that are measured at their estimated fair values in accordance with GAAP. A fair value measurement represents the price at which an orderly transaction would occur between willing market participants at the measurement date. We develop fair values for financial assets or liabilities based on available inputs and pricing that is observed in the marketplace. Examples of market information that we attempt to obtain include the following:

 

   

Quoted prices for the same or similar securities;

 

   

Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies;

 

   

The current level of interest rates and any directional movements in relevant indices, such as credit risk indices;

 

   

Information about the performance of the underlying mortgage loans, such as delinquency and foreclosure rates, loss experience, and prepayment rates;

 

   

Indicative prices or yields from broker/dealers; and,

 

   

Other relevant observable inputs, including nonperformance risk and liquidity premiums.

After considering all available indications of the appropriate rate of return that market participants would require, we consider the reasonableness of the range indicated by the results to determine an estimate that is most representative of fair value.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

The markets for many of the loans and securities that we invest in and issue are generally illiquid. Establishing fair values for illiquid assets and liabilities is inherently subjective and is often dependent upon our estimates and modeling assumptions. If we determine that either the volume and/or level of trading activity for an asset or liability has significantly decreased from normal market conditions, or price quotations or observable inputs are not associated with orderly transactions, the market inputs that we obtain might not be relevant. For example, broker or pricing service quotes might not be relevant if an active market does not exist for the financial asset or liability. The nature of the quote (for example, whether the quote is an indicative price or a binding offer) is also evaluated.

In circumstances where relevant market inputs cannot be obtained, increased analysis and management judgment are required to estimate fair value. This generally requires us to establish internal assumptions about future cash flows and appropriate risk-adjusted discount rates. Regardless of the valuation inputs we apply, the objective of fair value measurement is unchanged from what it would be if markets were operating at normal activity levels and/or transactions were orderly; that is, to determine the current exit price.

See Note 5 for further discussion on fair value measurements.

Fair Value Option

We have the option to measure eligible financial assets, financial liabilities, and commitments at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis. This option is available when we first recognize a financial asset or financial liability or enter into a firm commitment. Subsequent changes in the fair value of assets, liabilities, and commitments where we have elected the fair value option are recorded in our consolidated statements of income.

Our decision to apply the fair value option for new financial instruments is generally based upon our funding strategy for the specific financial asset acquired. For example, securities that we anticipate funding with equity will generally be accounted for as available-for-sale (“AFS”) securities. Securities that we anticipate funding with a combination of debt and equity or those financed through the issuance of asset-backed liabilities will generally be accounted for in a manner consistent with the associated liabilities. Additionally, we may elect to apply the fair value option for loans we anticipate selling to Sequoia securitizations or third parties and for financial instruments that may not perform similarly to our traditional real estate investments or are particularly volatile or complex in structure.

See Note 5 for further discussion on the fair value option.

Real Estate Loans

Residential and Commercial Loans — Held-for-Sale

Residential and commercial loans held-for-sale include loans that we are marketing for sale to third parties, including transfers to securitization entities that we plan to sponsor and expect to be accounted for as sales for financial reporting purposes.

Residential and Commercial Loans — Fair Value

We have established policies to elect the fair value option for residential and commercial loans that we purchase with the intent to sell to third parties or transfer to Sequoia securitizations. Coupon interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due. Changes in fair value are recurring and are reported through our consolidated statements of income in mortgage banking activities, net for residential and commercial loans held at fair value.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

Residential and Commercial Loans — Lower of Cost or Fair Value

Certain residential and commercial loans, acquired prior to our fair value option policy elections, are carried at the lower of their cost or fair value. If the fair value of an individual loan or pool of loans held-for-sale is lower than its amortized cost basis, this difference is reported through our consolidated statements of income as a negative market valuation adjustment in mortgage banking activities, net. Coupon interest for loans held-for-sale is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due at which point it is placed on non-accrual status. Gains or losses on the sale of residential or commercial loans held-for-sale are based on the specific identification method for loans measured on an individual basis or in aggregate for those loans measured on a pool basis.

Residential and Commercial Loans — Held-for-Investment

Loans held-for-investment include residential loans owned at consolidated Sequoia entities and commercial loans owned at the Commercial Securitization entity and by us, net of any allowance for loan losses. Coupon interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due or has been individually impaired, at which point the loan is placed on nonaccrual status. Interest previously accrued for loans that have become greater than 90 days past due or individually impaired is reserved for in the allowance for loan losses. Residential loans delinquent more than 90 days or in foreclosure are characterized as a serious delinquency. Cash principal and interest that is advanced from servicers subsequent to a loan becoming greater than 90 days past due or individually impaired is accounted for as a reduction in the outstanding loan principal balance. When a seriously delinquent loan previously placed on nonaccrual status has cured, meaning all delinquent principal and interest have been remitted by the borrower, the loan is placed back on accrual status. Alternately, loans that have been individually impaired may be placed back on accrual status if restructured and after the loan is considered reperforming. A restructured loan is considered reperforming when the loan has been current for at least 12 months.

We use the interest method to determine an effective yield to amortize the premium or discount on real estate loans held-for-investment. For residential loans acquired prior to July 1, 2004, we use coupon interest rates as they change over time and anticipated principal payments to determine periodic amortization. For residential and commercial loans acquired after July 1, 2004, we use the initial coupon interest rate of the loans (without regard to future changes in the underlying indices) and anticipated principal payments, if any, to determine periodic amortization.

We reclassify loans held-for-investment as loans held-for-sale if we determine that these loans will be sold or transferred to third parties. This may occur, for example, if we exercise our right to call ABS issued by a Sequoia securitization trust and decide to subsequently sell the underlying loans to third parties.

See Note 6 for further discussion on residential loans. See Note 7 for further discussion on commercial loans.

Residential Loans — Allowance for Loan Losses

For residential loans classified as held-for-investment, we establish and maintain an allowance for loan losses based on our estimate of credit losses inherent in our loan portfolios at the reporting date. To calculate the allowance for loan losses, we assess inherent losses by determining loss factors (defaults, the timing of defaults, and loss severities upon defaults) that can be specifically applied to each loan or pool of loans.

We consider the following factors in evaluating the allowance for loan losses:

 

   

Ongoing analyses of loans, including, but not limited to, the age of loans and year of origination, underwriting standards, business climate, economic conditions, and other observable data;

 

   

Historical loss rates and past performance of similar loans;

 

   

Relevant market research and publicly available third-party reference loss rates;

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

   

Trends in delinquencies and charge-offs;

 

   

Effects and changes in credit concentrations;

 

   

Information supporting a borrower’s ability to meet obligations;

 

   

Ongoing evaluations of fair values of collateral using current appraisals and other valuations; and,

 

   

Discounted cash flow analyses.

Once we determine the amount of defaults, the timing of the defaults, and severity of losses upon the defaults, we estimate expected losses for each individual loan or pool of loans over its expected life. We then estimate the timing of these losses and the losses probable to occur over an appropriate loss confirmation period. This period is defined as the range of time between the occurrence of a credit loss (such as the initial deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition) and the confirmation of that loss (the actual impairment or charge-off of the loan). The losses expected to occur within the estimated loss confirmation period are the basis of our allowance for loan losses, since we believe these losses exist at the reported date of the financial statements. We re-evaluate the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses quarterly.

As part of the loss mitigation efforts undertaken by servicers of residential loans owned at Sequoia securitization entities, a number of loan modifications have been completed to help make mortgage loans more affordable for certain borrowers. Loan modifications may include, but are not limited to: (i) conversion of a floating rate mortgage loan into a fixed rate mortgage loan; (ii) reduction in the contractual interest rate of a mortgage loan; (iii) forgiveness of a portion of the contractual interest and/or principal amounts owed on a mortgage loan; and, (iv) extension of the contractual maturity of a mortgage loan. We evaluate all loan modifications performed by servicers to determine if they constitute troubled debt restructurings (“TDRs”) according to GAAP. If a loan is determined to be a TDR, it is removed from the general loan pools used for calculating allowances for loan losses and assessed for impairment on an individual basis based upon any adverse change in the expected future cash flows resulting from the modification. This difference is recorded to the provision for loan losses in our consolidated statements of income.

When foreclosed property is received in full satisfaction for a defaulted loan, we estimate the fair value of the property, based on estimated net proceeds from the sale of the property (including servicer advances and other costs). To the extent that the fair value of the property is below the recorded investment of the loan, we record a charge against the allowance for loan losses for the difference. Foreclosed property is subsequently recorded as real estate owned (“REO”), a component of other assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Actual losses incurred on loans liquidated through a short-sale are also charged against the allowance for loan losses.

See Note 6 for further discussion on the allowance for loan losses for residential loans.

Commercial Loans — Allowance for Loan Losses

For commercial loans classified as held-for-investment, we establish and maintain a general allowance for loan losses inherent in our portfolio at the reporting date and, where appropriate, a specific allowance for loan losses for loans we have determined to be impaired at the reporting date. An individual loan is considered impaired when it is deemed probable that we will not be able to collect all amounts due according to the contractual terms of the loan.

Our methodology for assessing the adequacy of the allowance for loan losses begins with a formal review of each commercial loan in the portfolio and the assignment of an internal impairment status. Reviews are performed at least quarterly. We consider the following factors in evaluating each loan:

 

   

Loan to value ratios upon origination or acquisition of the loan;

 

   

The most recent financial information available for each loan and associated properties, including net operating income, debt service coverage ratios, occupancy rates, rent rolls, as well as any other loss factors we consider relevant, such as, but not limited to, specific loan trigger events that would indicate an adverse change in expected cash flows or payment delinquency;

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

   

Economic trends, both macroeconomic as well as those directly affecting the properties associated with our loans, and the supply and demand of competing projects in the sub-market in which the subject property is located; and,

 

   

The loan sponsor or borrowing entity’s ability to ensure that properties associated with the loan are managed and operated sufficiently.

Loan reviews are completed by asset management and finance personnel and reviewed and approved by senior management.

Based on the assigned impairment status, a loan is categorized as “Pass,” “Watch List,” or “Workout.” Pass loans are defined as loans that are performing in accordance with the contractual terms of the loan agreement. Watch List loans are defined as performing loans for which the timing of cost recovery is under review. Workout loans are defined as loans that we believe have a credit impairment that may lead to a realized loss. Workout loans are typically assessed for impairment on an individual basis. Where an individual commercial loan is impaired, we record an allowance to reduce the carrying value of the loan to the current present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan’s effective rate or if a loan is collateral dependent, we reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair market value of the loan, with a corresponding charge to provision for loan losses on our consolidated statements of income.

For all commercial loans that are not individually impaired, we assess the commercial loan portfolio in aggregate for loan losses based on our expectation of credit losses inherent in the portfolio at the reporting date. Our expectation of credit losses is informed by, among other things:

 

   

Historical loss rates and past performance of similar loans in our own portfolio, if any;

 

   

Publicly available third-party reference loss rates on similar loans; and,

 

   

Trends in delinquencies and charge-offs in our own portfolio and among industry participants.

See Note 7 for further discussion on the allowance for loan losses for commercial loans.

Repurchase Reserves

We do not currently maintain a loan repurchase reserve and management is not aware of any outstanding repurchase claims that would require the establishment of such a reserve.

We do not originate residential loans and believe that the risk of loss due to loan repurchases (i.e., due to a breach of representations and warranties) would generally be a contingency to the companies from whom we acquired the loans and therefore would be covered by our recourse to those companies.

In circumstances where we believe that there is a risk of loss due to a loan repurchase demand (i.e., due to an allegation of a breach of representations and warranties) and we do not believe that full recourse to the company from whom we acquired the loan exists or is enforceable, we will review the need for any loan repurchase reserve in accordance with FASB guidance on accounting for contingencies and establish reserves when, in the opinion of management, it is probable that a repurchase demand would result in a liability and the amount of loss, if any, can be reasonably estimated.

We have originated and sold commercial senior mortgage loans and have made standard representations and warranties upon sale of the loans to the loan purchasers, and in some cases, to securitization trusts. We review the need for a repurchase reserve related to these commercial loans on an ongoing basis and are not aware of any breaches of representations and warranties related to these loans.

Real Estate Securities, at Fair Value

We classify our real estate securities as trading or available-for-sale securities. We use the “prime” or “non-prime” designation to categorize our residential securities based upon the general credit characteristics of the residential loans underlying each security at the time of origination. For example, prime residential loans are generally characterized by lower loan-to-value (“LTV”) ratios at the time the loans were originated, and are made to borrowers with higher Fair Isaac Corporation (“FICO”) scores. Non-prime residential

 

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loans are generally characterized by higher LTV ratios at the time the loans were originated and may have been made to borrowers with lower credit scores or impaired credit histories (while exhibiting the ability to repay their loans) at the time the loan was originated. Regardless of whether or not the loans underlying a residential security were designated as prime or non-prime at origination, there is a risk that the borrower may not be able to repay the loan.

Trading Securities

We primarily denote trading securities as those securities where we have adopted the fair value option. Trading securities may include residential and commercial securities. Trading securities are carried at their estimated fair values. Coupon interest is recognized as interest income when earned and deemed collectible. Changes in the fair value of Sequoia interest only (“IO”) securities designated as trading securities are reported in mortgage banking activities, net, a component of our consolidated statements of income. Changes in the fair value of other trading securities are reported through our consolidated statements of income in other market valuation adjustments, net.

Available-for-Sale Securities

AFS securities may include certain residential and commercial securities. AFS securities are carried at their estimated fair values with cumulative unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income in our consolidated statements of changes in equity. Coupon interest is recognized as interest income when earned and deemed collectible, and the interest method is used to determine an effective yield to amortize purchase premiums, discounts, and fees associated with these securities into income over time. This requires us to project cash flows over the remaining life of each security and make assumptions with regards to interest rates, prepayment rates, the timing and amount of credit losses, and other factors. We review our cash flow projections on an ongoing basis and monitor these projections based on input and analyses received from external sources, internal models, and our own judgment and experience.

For an AFS security where its estimated fair value at the reporting date is below its amortized cost basis, we evaluate the security for other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”). If we either — (i) intend to sell the impaired security; (ii) will more likely than not be required to sell the impaired security before it recovers in value; or, (iii) do not expect to recover the impaired security’s amortized cost basis even if we do not intend to sell the security — the impairment is deemed an OTTI and we record the entire difference between the security’s fair value and its amortized cost in our consolidated statements of income. Conversely, if none of these three conditions is met, we analyze the expected cash flows, or cost recovery of the security, to determine what, if any, OTTI is recognized through our consolidated statements of income. This analysis includes an assessment of any changes in the regulatory and/or economic environment that might affect the performance of the security.

If we conclude through our analysis that there has been no significant adverse change in our cash flow assumptions for the security, then the impairment is deemed temporary in nature and the associated difference between the security’s fair value and its amortized cost basis is recorded as an unrealized loss through accumulated other comprehensive income, in our consolidated statements of changes in equity. Alternatively, if we conclude that there has been a significant adverse change in our cash flow assumptions for the security, then the impairment is deemed an OTTI and we perform an additional analysis to determine what portion of OTTI, if any, should be recorded through our consolidated statements of income. This analysis entails discounting the security’s cash flows to a present value using the prior period yield for the security to determine an “expected recoverable value.” The difference between this expected recoverable value and the amortized cost basis of the security is deemed to be the “credit” component of the OTTI that is recorded in our consolidated statements of income. The amortized cost of the security is then adjusted to the expected recoverable value, and the difference between this expected recoverable value and the estimated fair value is deemed to be the “non-credit” component of the OTTI and is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income. Future amortization and accretion for the security is computed based upon the new amortized cost basis.

See Note 8 for further discussion on real estate securities.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

MSRs

We recognize MSRs through the acquisition of mortgage servicing rights released by third parties or through the retention of MSRs associated with residential loans that we have acquired and subsequently transferred to third parties. Typically, our MSRs are directly acquired from loan originators or created through the transfer of loans to a Sequoia residential mortgage securitization sponsored by us that meets the GAAP criteria for sale accounting.

Our MSRs are held and managed at Redwood Residential Acquisition Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of RWT Holdings, Inc., which is a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours. We contract with a licensed sub-servicer to perform servicing functions for loans associated with our MSRs. MSRs are initially recognized and carried at their estimated fair values. Changes in the estimated fair value of MSRs are reported in mortgage banking activities, net, a component of our consolidated statements of income.

See Note 17 for further discussion on MSRs.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include non-restricted cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash primarily includes principal and interest payments that are collateral for, or payable to, owners of ABS issued by consolidated securitization entities. Restricted cash may also include cash retained in the Sequoia securitization entities or in the Residential Resecuritization or Commercial Securitization entities prior to the payments on or redemptions of outstanding ABS issued.

Accrued Interest Receivable

Accrued interest receivable includes interest that is due and payable to us and deemed collectible. Cash interest is generally received within thirty days of recording the receivable. For financial assets where we have elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest receivable on these assets is measured at fair value. For financial assets where we have not elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest carrying values approximate fair values.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative financial instruments we typically utilize include contractual interest rate agreements, financial futures contracts, and “To Be Announced” (“TBA”) contracts. All derivative financial instruments are recorded at fair value in our consolidated balance sheets. Derivatives with positive fair values to us are reported as assets and derivatives with negative fair values to us are reported as liabilities. We classify each of our derivative financial instruments as either (i) a trading instrument (no specific hedging designation for financial reporting purposes) or (ii) a hedge of a forecasted transaction or of the variability of cash flows to be received or paid related to a recognized asset or liability (cash flow hedge).

Changes in the fair values of derivatives accounted for as trading instruments, including any associated interest income or expense, are recorded in our consolidated statements of income through other market valuation adjustments, net. The valuation changes related to derivatives used to manage certain risks associated with the residential and commercial loans we own or plan to acquire and sell or securitize are excluded from other market valuation adjustments, net, and are included in mortgage banking activities, net, on our consolidated statements of income. Changes in the fair values of derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedges, to the extent they are effective, are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of equity. Interest income or expense, and any ineffectiveness associated with these derivatives, are recorded as a component of net interest income in our consolidated statements of income. We measure the effective portion of cash flow hedges by comparing the change in fair value of the expected future variable cash flows of the derivative hedging instruments with the change in fair value of the expected future variable cash flows of the hedged item.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

We will discontinue cash flow hedge accounting if (i) we determine that the hedging derivative is no longer expected to be effective in offsetting changes in the cash flows of the designated hedged item; (ii) the derivative expires or is sold, terminated, or exercised; (iii) the derivative is de-designated as a cash flow hedge; or, (iv) it is probable that a forecasted transaction associated with the hedged item will not occur by the end of the originally specified time period. To the extent we de-designate or terminate a cash flow hedging relationship and the associated hedged item continues to exist, any unrealized gain or loss of the cash flow hedge at the time of de-designation remains in accumulated other comprehensive income and is amortized using the straight-line method through interest expense over the remaining life of the hedged item.

Interest Rate Agreements

Interest rate agreements that we currently utilize include swaps and swaptions. Interest rate swaps are agreements in which (i) one counterparty exchanges a stream of fixed interest payments for another counterparty’s stream of variable interest cash flows; or, (ii) each counterparty exchanges variable interest cash flows that are referenced to different indices. Interest rate swaptions are agreements that provide the owner the right but not the obligation to enter into an underlying interest rate swap with a counterparty in the future. Interest rate caps are agreements in which the owner receives payments at the end of each period for which the prevailing interest rate exceeds an agreed upon strike price. We enter into interest rate agreements primarily to reduce significant changes in our income or equity caused by interest rate volatility. Certain of these interest rate agreements may be designated as cash flow hedges.

Eurodollar Futures, Financial Futures and TBA Contracts

Eurodollar futures are futures contracts on time deposits denominated in U.S. dollars at banks outside the United States. Eurodollar futures, unlike our other derivatives, have maturities of only three months. Therefore, in order to achieve the desired interest rate offset necessary to manage our risk, consecutively maturing contracts are required, resulting in a stated notional amount that is typically higher than our other derivatives. Treasury futures are futures contracts on benchmark U.S. Treasury rates. TBA contracts are forward contracts to purchase mortgage-backed securities that will be issued by a U.S. government sponsored enterprise (“GSE”) in the future. We purchase or sell these derivatives to offset — to varying degrees — changes in the values of mortgage products for which we have exposure to interest rate volatility.

See Note 9 for further discussion on derivative financial instruments.

Deferred Tax Assets

Our deferred tax assets/liabilities are generated by temporary differences in GAAP and taxable income at our taxable subsidiaries. These differences generally reflect differing accounting treatments for GAAP and tax, such as accounting for mortgage servicing rights, discount and premium amortization, credit losses, equity awards, asset impairments, and certain valuation estimates. As a result of these differences, we may recognize taxable income in periods prior to when we recognize income for GAAP. When this occurs, we pay the tax liability as required and establish a deferred tax asset for GAAP. As the income is subsequently realized in future periods under GAAP, the deferred tax asset is reduced. We may also recognize GAAP income in periods prior to when we recognize income for tax. When this occurs, we establish a deferred tax liability for GAAP. As the income is subsequently realized in future periods for tax, the deferred tax liability is reduced.

In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, we consider whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. We consider historical and projected future taxable income and capital gains as well as tax planning strategies in making this assessment. We determine the extent to which realization of this deferred asset is not assured and establish a valuation allowance accordingly. The estimate of net deferred tax assets could change in future periods to the extent that actual or revised estimates of future taxable income during the carryforward periods change from current expectations.

 

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Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

Deferred Securities Issuance Costs

Securities issuance costs are expenses associated with the issuance of long-term debt, and the ABS issued from the Residential Resecuritization, the Commercial Securitization, and Sequoia securitization entities we sponsor and consolidate for financial reporting purposes. These expenses typically include underwriting, rating agency, legal, accounting, and other fees. ABS issuance costs associated with liabilities accounted for under the fair value option are expensed as incurred. ABS issuance costs associated with liabilities reported at cost are deferred. Deferred securities issuance costs are reported on our consolidated balance sheets as deferred charges (an asset) and are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the interest method, based upon the actual and estimated repayment schedules of the related securities issued.

Other Assets

Other assets include REO, margin receivable, income tax receivables, fixed assets, principal receivable, and other prepaid expenses.

REO property acquired through, or in lieu of, foreclosure is initially recorded at fair value, and subsequently reported at the lower of its carrying amount or fair value (less estimated cost to sell). Changes in the fair value of an REO property that has a fair value at or below its carrying amount are recorded in our consolidated statements of income as a component of other market valuation adjustments, net. Margin receivable reflects cash collateral we have posted with various counterparties relating to our derivative and lending agreements with those counterparties, as applicable.

See Note 10 for further discussion on other assets.

Short-Term Debt

Short-term debt includes borrowings under master repurchase agreements and other forms of borrowings that expire within one year with various counterparties. These borrowings may be unsecured or collateralized by cash, loans, or securities. If the value (as determined by the applicable counterparty) of the collateral securing those borrowings decreases, we may be subject to margin calls during the period the borrowings are outstanding. In instances where we do not satisfy the margin calls within the required time frame, the counterparty may retain the collateral and pursue any outstanding debt amount from us.

See Note 11 for further discussion on short-term debt.

Accrued Interest Payable

Accrued interest payable includes interest that is due and payable to third parties. Interest is generally paid within one to three months of recording the payable, based upon our remittance requirements, and is paid semi-annually for our convertible debt. For borrowings where we have elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest on these liabilities is measured at fair value. For financial liabilities where we have not elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest carrying values approximate fair values.

Asset-Backed Securities Issued

The majority of the liabilities reported on our consolidated balance sheets represent ABS issued by bankruptcy-remote entities sponsored by Redwood. Sequoia, Acacia, the Residential Resecuritization, and the Commercial Securitization assets are held in the custody of securitization trustees and are not owned by Redwood. These trustees collect principal and interest payments (less servicing and related fees) from the assets and make corresponding principal and interest payments to the ABS investors.

 

15


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

Sequoia ABS Issued

Sequoia ABS issued are carried at their unpaid principal balances net of any unamortized discount or premium.

Acacia ABS Issued

Prior to the fourth quarter of 2012, we consolidated certain Acacia securitization entities. Acacia ABS issued were accounted for under the fair value option and carried at their estimated fair values. Changes in fair value (gains or losses) were reported in our consolidated statements of income through other market valuation adjustments, net.

Residential Resecuritization ABS Issued

Residential Resecuritization ABS issued are carried at their unpaid principal balances net of any unamortized discount or premium.

Commercial Securitization ABS Issued

Commercial Securitization ABS issued are carried at their unpaid principal balances net of any unamortized discount or premium.

See Note 12 for further discussion on ABS issued.

Long-Term Debt

Commercial Borrowings

Commercial borrowings include borrowings under a master repurchase agreement that expires in more than one year with a financial institution counterparty. These borrowings are collateralized by commercial loans. If the value (as determined by the applicable counterparty) of the collateral securing those borrowings decreases, we may be subject to margin calls during the period the borrowings are outstanding. In instances where we do not satisfy the margin calls within the required time frame, the counterparty may retain the collateral and pursue any outstanding debt amount from us.

Convertible Notes

Convertible notes include unsecured convertible senior notes and are carried at their unpaid principal balance. Interest on the notes is payable semiannually and the notes mature on April 15, 2018. If converted by a holder, upon conversion, the holder of the notes would receive shares of our common stock.

Trust Preferred Securities and Subordinated Notes

Trust preferred securities and subordinated notes are carried at their unpaid principal balance. This long-term debt is unsecured with quarterly interest payments determined based upon a floating rate equal to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a margin until it is redeemed in whole or matures at a future date.

See Note 13 for further discussion on long-term debt.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

Equity

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Net unrealized gains and losses on real estate securities available-for-sale and interest rate agreements designated as cash flow hedges are reported as components of accumulated other comprehensive income on our consolidated statements of changes in equity and our consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Net unrealized gains and losses on securities and interest rate agreements held by our taxable subsidiaries that are reported in other comprehensive income are adjusted for the effects of taxation and may create deferred tax assets or liabilities.

Earnings Per Common Share

Basic earnings per common share (“EPS”) is computed by dividing net income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding. Net income allocated to common shareholders represents net income allocable to common shareholders, less income allocated to participating securities (as described herein). Diluted earnings per common share is computed by dividing income allocated to common shareholders by the weighted average common shares outstanding plus amounts representing the dilutive effect of share-based payment awards and the assumed conversion of convertible notes to common shares.

The two-class method is an earnings allocation formula under which EPS is calculated for common stock and participating securities according to dividends declared and participating rights in undistributed earnings. Under this method, all earnings (distributed and undistributed) are allocated between participating securities and common shares based on their respective rights to receive dividends or dividend equivalents. Accounting guidance on EPS defines vested and unvested share-based payment awards containing nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents as participating securities that are included in computing EPS under the two-class method.

See Note 15 for further discussion on equity.

Incentive Plans

In May 2013, our shareholders approved an amendment and restatement to our previously amended 2002 Redwood Trust, Inc. Incentive Plan (“Incentive Plan”) for executive officers, employees, and non-employee directors. The amendment provided, among other things, for an increase in the number of shares available for distribution under the plan. The Incentive Plan authorizes our Board of Directors (or a committee appointed by our Board of Directors) to grant incentive stock options (“ISOs”), non-qualifying stock options (“NQSOs”), performance stock units (“PSUs”), deferred stock units (“DSUs”), restricted stock, performance shares, performance units, stock appreciation rights, limited stock appreciation rights (awards), and dividend equivalent rights (“DERs”) to eligible recipients other than non-employee directors. Long-term incentive awards granted under the Incentive Plan generally vest over a three- or four-year period. Awards made under the Incentive Plan to officers and other employees in lieu of the payment in cash of a portion of annual bonuses earned generally vest immediately, but are subject to a three-year mandatory holding period. Non-employee directors are also provided annual awards under the Incentive Plan that generally vest immediately.

For equity awards granted after December 1, 2008, the cost of the awards is amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In May 2013, our shareholders approved an amendment to our previously amended 2002 Redwood Trust, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”) to increase the number of shares available under the ESPP. The purpose of the ESPP is to give our employees an opportunity to acquire an equity interest in the Company through the purchase of shares of common stock at a discount. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase common stock at 85% of its fair value, subject to certain limits. Fair value as defined under the ESPP is the lesser of the closing market price of the common stock on the first day of the calendar year or the last day of the calendar quarter.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

Executive Deferred Compensation Plan

In May 2002, our Board of Directors approved our 2002 Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (“EDCP”). The EDCP allows eligible employees and directors to defer portions of current salary and certain other forms of compensation. The Company matches some deferrals. Compensation deferred under the EDCP is recorded as a liability on our consolidated balance sheets. The EDCP allows for the investment of deferrals in either an interest crediting account or DSUs.

401(k) Plan

We offer a tax-qualified 401(k) Plan to all employees for retirement savings. Under this Plan, employees are allowed to defer and invest up to 100% of their cash earnings, subject to the maximum 401(k) Plan contribution limit set forth by the Internal Revenue Service. We match some employee contributions to encourage participation and to provide a retirement planning benefit to employees. Vesting of the 401(k) Plan matching contributions is based on the employee’s tenure at the Company, and over time an employee becomes increasingly vested in both prior and new matching contributions.

See Note 16 for further discussion on equity compensation plans.

Taxes

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code and the corresponding provisions of state law. To qualify as a REIT we must distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to shareholders (not including taxable income retained in our taxable subsidiaries) within the time frame set forth in the tax code and also meet certain other requirements related to assets, income, and stock ownership. We assess our tax positions for all open tax years and record tax benefits only if tax positions meet a more-likely-than-not threshold in accordance with FASB guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. We classify interest and penalties on material uncertain tax positions as interest expense and operating expense, respectively, in our consolidated statements of income.

See Note 19 for further discussion on taxes.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In December 2011, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2011-11, Disclosures about Offsetting Assets and Liabilities. This ASU requires the presentation of gross and net information about transactions that are (1) offset in the financial statements or (2) subject to an enforceable master netting arrangement or similar agreement, regardless of whether the transactions are actually offset in the statement of financial position. The ASU is effective prospectively for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2013. We adopted ASU 2011-11 in the first quarter of 2013 and, as a result, presented disclosures on financial assets and liabilities subject to master netting agreements, which can be found below in this Note 3.

In February 2013, the FASB issued ASU 2013-02, Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income, which adds new disclosure requirements for items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income. The ASU does not amend any existing requirements for reporting net income or other comprehensive income in the financial statements and is effective prospectively for reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2012. We adopted ASU 2013-02 in the first quarter of 2013 and, as a result, expanded our disclosures related to items reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income. These disclosures can be found in Note 15.

Balance Sheet Netting

Certain of our derivatives, warehouse, and repurchase agreements are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements. Under GAAP, in certain circumstances we may elect to present certain financial assets and liabilities and collateral subject to master netting arrangements in a net position on our consolidated balance sheet. However, we do not report any of these financial assets or liabilities on a net basis, and instead present them on a gross basis on our consolidated balance sheet.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

The table below presents financial assets and liabilities that are subject to master netting arrangements or similar agreements categorized by financial instrument, together with corresponding financial instruments and corresponding collateral received or pledged at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Offsetting of Financial Assets, Liabilities, and Collateral

 

                                                                                                                                   
     Gross      Gross
Amounts
     Net Amounts of
Assets
     Gross Amounts Not
Offset

in Consolidated
Balance Sheet (1)
        

September 30, 2013

(In Thousands)

   Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
(Liabilities)
     Offset in
Consolidated
Balance
Sheet
     (Liabilities)
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheet
     Financial
Instruments
     Cash
Collateral
(Received)
Pledged
     Net Amount  

Assets (2)

                 

Interest rate agreements

     $ 4,107           $ -               $ 4,107           $ (3,851)          $ (212)          $ 44     

TBAs

     745           -               745           (745)          -               -         

Futures

     -               -               -               -               -               -         
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

     $ 4,852           $ -               $ 4,852           $ (4,596)          $ (212)          $ 44     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities (2)

                 

Interest rate agreements

     $ (26,356)          $ -               $ (26,356)          $ 3,851           $ 22,505           $ -         

TBAs

     (5,810)          -               (5,810)          745           4,726           (339)    

Futures

     (531)          -               (531)          -               531           -         

Loan warehouse debt

     (461,584)          -               (461,584)          461,584           -               -         

Security repurchase agreements

     (371,201)          -               (371,201)          371,201           -               -         

Commercial borrowings

     (50,119)          -               (50,119)          50,119           -               -         
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

     $ (915,601)          $ -               $         (915,601)          $ 887,500           $ 27,762           $ (339)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     Gross      Gross
Amounts
     Net Amounts of
Assets
     Gross Amounts Not Offset
in Consolidated
Balance Sheet (1)
        

December 31, 2012

(In Thousands)

   Amounts of
Recognized
Assets
(Liabilities)
     Offset in
Consolidated
Balance
Sheet
     (Liabilities)
Presented in
Consolidated
Balance Sheet
     Financial
Instruments
     Cash
Collateral
(Received)
Pledged
     Net Amount  

Assets (2)

                 

Interest rate agreements

     $ 2,972           $ -               $ 2,972           $ (2,210)          $ -               $ 762     

TBAs

     -               -               -               -               -               -         

Futures

     -               -               -               -               -               -         
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

     $ 2,972           $ -               $ 2,972           $ (2,210)          $ -               $ 762     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities (2)

                 

Interest rate agreements

     $ (50,476)          $ -               $ (50,476)          $ 2,210           $ 48,266           $ -         

TBAs

     -               -               -               -               -               -         

Futures

     (607)          -               (607)          -               607           -         

Loan warehouse debt

     (179,982)          -               (179,982)          179,982           -               -         

Security repurchase agreements

     (371,936)          -               (371,936)          371,936           -               -         
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

     $ (603,001)          $ -               $     (603,001)          $ 554,128           $ 48,873           $ -         
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies — (continued)

 

(1)

Amounts presented in these columns are limited in total to the net amount of assets or liabilities presented in the prior column by instrument. In certain cases, there is excess cash collateral or financial assets we have pledged to a counterparty that exceed the financial liabilities subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement. Additionally, in certain cases, counterparties have pledged excess cash collateral to us that exceeds our corresponding financial assets. In each case, these excess amounts are excluded from the table although they are separately reported in our consolidated balance sheets as assets or liabilities, respectively.

 

(2)

Interest rate agreements, TBAs, and futures are components of derivatives instruments on our consolidated balances sheets. Loan warehouse debt, which is secured by residential mortgage loans, and security repurchase agreements are components of short-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets. Commercial borrowings are a component of long-term debt on our consolidated balance sheets.

With respect to each category of financial instrument set forth in the table above, the assets and liabilities resulting from individual transactions between Redwood and a counterparty are subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement that provides for all such individual transactions to be treated as a single transaction and, in the event of the termination and close-out of such transactions, to be settled on a net basis and for settlement to include the proceeds of the liquidation of any corresponding collateral, subject to certain limitations on termination, settlement, and liquidation of collateral that may apply in the event of the bankruptcy or insolvency of a party which limitations should not inhibit the eventual practical realization of the principal benefits of the transactions or the master netting arrangement or similar agreement and any corresponding collateral.

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation

GAAP requires us to consider whether securitizations and other transfers of financial assets should be treated as sales or financings, as well as whether any VIEs – for example, certain legal entities often used in securitization and other structured finance transactions – should be included in our consolidated financial statements. The GAAP principles we apply require us to reassess our requirement to consolidate VIEs each quarter and therefore our determination may change based upon new facts and circumstances pertaining to each VIE. This could result in a material impact to our consolidated financial statements during subsequent reporting periods.

Analysis of Consolidated VIEs

The VIEs we are required to consolidate include certain Sequoia securitization entities, the Residential Resecuritization entity, and the Commercial Securitization entity. Each of these entities is independent of Redwood and of each other and the assets and liabilities are not owned by and are not legal obligations of ours, although we are exposed to certain financial risks associated with our role as the sponsor, manager, or depositor of these entities. Prior to the fourth quarter of 2012, we were also required to consolidate certain other securitization entities. The following table presents a summary of the assets and liabilities of these VIEs. Intercompany balances have been eliminated for purposes of this presentation.

Assets and Liabilities of Consolidated VIEs at September 30, 2013

 

                                                                                                   
September 30, 2013    Sequoia      Residential      Commercial         

(Dollars in Thousands)

   Entities      Resecuritization      Securitization      Total  

Residential loans, held-for-investment

     $ 1,864,653           $ -           $ -           $ 1,864,653     

Commercial loans, held-for-investment

     -           -           269,255           269,255     

Real estate securities, at fair value

     -           275,763           -           275,763     

Restricted cash

     159           -           138           297     

Accrued interest receivable

     3,061           682           1,933           5,676     

Other assets

     4,050           -           92           4,142     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

     $ 1,871,923           $ 276,445           $ 271,418           $ 2,419,786     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Accrued interest payable

     $ 1,322           $ 27           $ 744           $ 2,093     

Asset-backed securities issued

     1,790,687           112,179           158,799           2,061,665     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

     $ 1,792,009           $ 112,206           $ 159,543           $ 2,063,758     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Number of VIEs

     24           1           1           26     

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation — (continued)

 

We consolidate the assets and liabilities of certain Sequoia securitization entities, as we did not meet the GAAP sale criteria at the time we transferred financial assets to these entities. Our involvement in consolidated Sequoia entities continues in the following ways: (i) we continue to hold subordinate investments in each entity, and for certain entities, more senior investments; (ii) we maintain certain discretionary rights associated with our sponsorship of, or subordinate investments in, each entity; and (iii) we continue to hold a right to call the assets of certain entities (once they have been paid down below a specified threshold) at a price equal to, or in excess of, the current outstanding principal amount of the entity’s asset-backed securities issued. These factors have resulted in our continuing to consolidate the assets and liabilities of these Sequoia entities in accordance with GAAP.

We consolidate the assets and liabilities of the Residential Resecuritization entity as we did not meet the GAAP sale criteria at the time the financial assets were transferred to this entity based on our role in the entity’s inception and design. We transferred senior residential securities to Credit Suisse First Boston Mortgage Securities Corp., which subsequently sold them to CSMC 2011-9R, the Residential Resecuritization entity. In connection with this transaction, we acquired certain senior and subordinate securities that we continue to hold. We engaged in the Residential Resecuritization primarily for the purpose of obtaining permanent non-recourse financing on a portion of our senior residential securities portfolio.

We consolidate the assets and liabilities of the Commercial Securitization entity, as we did not meet the GAAP sale criteria at the time the financial assets were transferred to this entity based on our role in the entity’s inception and design. We transferred subordinate commercial loans to RCMC 2012-CREL1, a securitization entity. In connection with this transaction, we acquired certain subordinate securities that we continue to hold. We engaged in the Commercial Securitization primarily for the purpose of obtaining permanent non-recourse financing on a portion of our commercial mezzanine portfolio. Our credit risk exposure is largely unchanged as a result of engaging in the transaction, as we remain economically exposed to the financed loans through our subordinate investment in the Commercial Securitization.

Analysis of Unconsolidated VIEs with Continuing Involvement

During 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we transferred residential loans to 17 Sequoia securitization entities sponsored by us and accounted for these transfers as sales for financial reporting purposes. We also determined we were not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs as we lacked the power to direct the activities that will have the most significant economic impact on the entities. For the transferred loans where we held the servicing rights prior to the transfer and continue to hold the servicing rights, we recorded MSRs on our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2013, and classify those MSRs as Level 3 assets. We also retained senior and subordinate securities in these securitizations that we classify as Level 3 assets.

The following table presents information related to securitization transactions that occurred during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Securitization Activity Related to Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

 

     Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(In Thousands)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Principal balance of loans transferred

     $         1,210,604           $         313,226           $         5,253,314           $         1,350,082     

Trading securities retained, at fair value

     8,702           5,139           100,552           31,925     

AFS securities retained, at fair value

     71,527           18,576           278,622           75,293     

Gains on sale

     -               4,023           -               15,632     

MSRs recognized

     12,514           1,241           41,128           3,849     

Our continuing involvement in these securitizations is limited to customary servicing obligations associated with retaining residential MSRs (which we retain a third-party servicer to perform) and the receipt of interest income associated with the securities we retained. The following table summarizes the cash flows between us and the unconsolidated VIEs sponsored by us for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation — (continued)

 

Cash Flows Related to Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

 

     Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(In Thousands)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Cash proceeds

     $         507,202           $         299,582           $         4,366,556           $         1,271,655     

MSR fees received

     3,160           260           6,235           414     

Funding of compensating interest

     (152)          (27)          (415)          (43)    

Cash flows received on retained securities

     15,656           2,333           30,606           5,432     

The following table presents the key weighted-average assumptions to measure MSRs at the date of securitization.

MSR Assumptions Related to Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

 

                                                                                                   
     Issued During  
     Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  

At Date of Securitization

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Prepayment speeds

     5 - 8    %         5 - 28    %         5 - 13    %         5 - 23    %   

Discount rates

                 12    %                     12    %                     12    %                     10    %   

The following table presents additional information at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, related to unconsolidated securitizations sponsored by us during 2012 and the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

 

(In Thousands)

   September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

On-balance sheet assets, at fair value:

     

Interest-only securities, classified as trading

     $ 117,443           $ 10,409     

Subordinate securities, classified as AFS

     386,266           113,681     

Maximum loss exposure (1)

     503,709           124,090     

Principal balance of loans outstanding

                     6,414,120                           1,736,331     

 

(1)

Maximum loss exposure from our involvement with unconsolidated VIEs pertains to the carrying value of our securities retained from these VIEs and represents estimated losses that would be incurred under severe, hypothetical circumstances, such as if the value of our interests and any associated collateral declines to zero. This does not include, for example, any potential exposure to representation and warranty claims associated with our initial transfer of loans into a securitization.

The following table presents key economic assumptions for assets retained from unconsolidated VIEs and the sensitivity of their fair values to immediate adverse changes in those assumptions at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation — (continued)

 

Key Assumptions and Sensitivity Analysis for Assets Retained from Unconsolidated VIEs Sponsored by Redwood

 

September 30, 2013

(Dollars in Thousands)

   MSRs      Senior Interest-only
Securities
     Subordinate
Securities
 

Fair value at September 30, 2013

     $ 56,244                 $ 117,443                 $ 386,266           

Expected life (in years) (1)

     8                 6                 13           

Prepayment speed assumption (annual CPR) (1)

     9    %         12    %         13    %   

Decrease in fair value from:

        

10% adverse change

     $                   1,905                 $                   6,192                 $                   930           

25% adverse change

     4,498                 31,332                               2,198           

Discount rate assumption (1)

     11    %         5    %         6    %   

Decrease in fair value from:

        

100 basis point increase

     $ 2,407                 $ 5,668                 $ 34,680           

200 basis point increase

     6,876                 10,851                 64,546           

Credit loss assumption (1)

     N/A                 0.23     %         0.23    %   

Decrease in fair value from:

        

10% higher losses

     N/A                 $ 61                 $ 1,268           

25% higher losses

     N/A                 154                 3,169           

December 31, 2012

(Dollars in Thousands)

   MSRs      Senior Interest-only
Securities
     Subordinate
Securities
 

Fair value at December 31, 2012

     $ 5,315                 $ 10,409                 $ 113,681           

Expected life (in years) (1)

     3                 3                 10           

Prepayment speed assumption (annual CPR) (1)

     33    %         29    %         24    %   

Decrease in fair value from:

        

10% adverse change

     $                   351                 $                   724                 $               858           

25% adverse change

     812                 1,674                 1,909           

Discount rate assumption (1)

     12    %         17    %         6    %   

Decrease in fair value from:

        

100 basis point increase

     $ 121                 $ 20                 $ 901           

200 basis point increase

     235                 40                 1,791           

Credit loss assumption (1)

     N/A                 0.48    %         0.47    %   

Decrease in fair value from:

        

10% higher losses

     N/A                 $ 5                 $ 578           

25% higher losses

     N/A                 12                 1,446           

 

(1) Expected life, prepayment speed assumption, discount rate assumption, and credit loss assumption presented in the tables above represent weighted averages.

Continuing Involvement with VIEs with No Economic Interest

During 2012, we sold all of our remaining economic interests in Acacia entities and, pursuant to an accounting analysis, deconsolidated the Acacia entities and derecognized the associated assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes. We maintain limited continuing involvement through our role as collateral manager for all but one of these Acacia entities. Our role as collateral manager has, under the terms of the applicable management agreements, been significantly curtailed or eliminated with respect to the Acacia entities, as all but two of these entities have experienced events of default. Additionally, we will continue to receive the collateral management fee for these entities, which has decreased significantly and will continue to do so as the balance on which the fee is determined continues to decline.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 4. Principles of Consolidation — (continued)

 

Analysis of Third-Party VIEs

Third-party VIEs are securitization entities for which we maintain an economic interest but do not sponsor. Our economic interest may include several securities from the same third-party VIE, and in those cases, the consolidation analysis is performed in consideration of all of our interests. The following table presents a summary of our interests in third-party VIEs at September 30, 2013, grouped by collateral type and ownership interest.

Third-Party VIE Summary

 

September 30, 2013

(Dollars in Thousands)

  Fair Value  

Residential real estate securities at Redwood

 

Senior

    $ 288,963     

Re-REMIC

    156,346     

Subordinate

    99,897     
 

 

 

 

Total Investments in Third-Party Real Estate Securities

    $                 545,206     
 

 

 

 

We determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of any third-party residential or commercial entities, as we do not have the required power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of these entities. Specifically, we do not service or manage these entities or otherwise hold decision making powers that are significant. As a result of this assessment, we do not consolidate any of the underlying assets and liabilities of these third-party VIEs – we only account for our specific interests in them.

Our assessments of whether we are required to consolidate a VIE may change in subsequent reporting periods based upon changing facts and circumstances pertaining to each VIE. Any related accounting changes could result in a material impact to our financial statements.

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

For financial reporting purposes, we follow a fair value hierarchy established under GAAP that is used to determine the fair value of financial instruments. This hierarchy prioritizes relevant market inputs in order to determine an “exit price” at the measurement date, or the price at which an asset could be sold or a liability could be transferred in an orderly process that is not a forced liquidation or distressed sale. Level 1 inputs are observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 inputs are observable inputs other than quoted prices for an asset or liability that are obtained through corroboration with observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs (e.g., our own data or assumptions) that are used when there is little, if any, relevant market activity for the asset or liability required to be measured at fair value.

In certain cases, inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level at which the fair value measurement falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability being measured.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

     September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

(In Thousands)

   Carrying      Fair      Carrying      Fair  
   Value      Value      Value      Value  

Assets

           

Residential loans, held-for-sale

           

At fair value

     $ 726,161          $ 726,161          $ 553,576          $ 553,576    

At lower of cost or fair value

     1,718          1,794          9,082          9,324    

Residential loans, held-for-investment

                 1,864,653                      1,690,898                      2,272,812                      2,062,352    

Commercial loans, held-for-sale

           

At fair value

     27,413          27,413                    

At lower of cost or fair value

                     8,500          8,500    

Commercial loans, held-for-investment

     352,440          357,077          304,510          309,547    

Trading securities

     130,854          130,854          33,172          33,172    

Available-for-sale securities

     1,193,824          1,193,824          1,075,581          1,075,581    

Mortgage servicing rights

     60,234          60,234          5,315          5,315    

Cash and cash equivalents

     204,646          204,646          81,080          81,080    

Restricted cash

     417          417          383          383    

Accrued interest receivable

     14,523          14,523          12,442          12,442    

Derivative assets

     4,852          4,852          2,972          2,972    

REO (1)

     4,050          4,728          4,245          5,540    

Margin receivable (1)

     46,970          46,970          63,424          63,424    

Other collateral posted (1)

     5,000          5,000                    

Liabilities

           

Short-term debt

     $ 838,299          $ 838,299          $ 551,918          $ 551,918    

Accrued interest payable

     11,162          11,162          4,592          4,592    

Derivative liabilities

     32,697          32,697          51,081          51,081    

ABS issued

     2,061,665          1,853,161          2,529,941          2,372,971    

Commercial borrowings

     44,605          44,605                    

Convertible notes

     287,500          283,547                    

Other long-term debt

     139,500          104,625          139,500          90,675    

 

(1) These assets are included in Other Assets on our consolidated balance sheets.

We elected the fair value option for $9 million and $101 million of residential senior securities, $4 million and $4 million of residential subordinate securities and $1.28 billion and $6.35 billion of residential loans (principal balance) that we acquired during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. We also elected the fair value option for $113 million and $263 million of commercial senior loans we acquired during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, respectively. We anticipate electing the fair value option for residential senior IO securities and all future purchases of loans that we intend to sell to third parties or transfer to Sequoia securitizations. We have historically elected the fair value option for certain commercial loans and trading securities, as well as certain third-party residential securities.

The following table presents the assets and liabilities recorded that are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets on a recurring basis at September 30, 2013, as well as the fair value hierarchy of the valuation inputs used to measure fair value.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis at September 30, 2013

 

September 30, 2013    Carrying      Fair Value Measurements Using  

(In Thousands)

   Value      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3  

Assets

           

Residential loans, at fair value

     $ 726,161           $ -               $ -               $ 726,161     

Commercial loans, at fair value

     27,413           -               -               27,413     

Trading securities

     130,854           -               -               130,854     

Available-for-sale securities

             1,193,824           -               -                       1,193,824     

MSRs

     60,234           -               -               60,234     

Derivative assets

     4,852                         745                       4,107           -         

Liabilities

           

Derivative liabilities

     32,697           6,341           26,356           -         

The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

 

                                                                                                                       
     Assets  

(In Thousands)

   Residential
Loans
     Commercial
Loans
     Trading
Securities
     AFS
Securities
     MSRs  

Beginning balance - December 31, 2012

     $ 553,576           $ 0           $ 33,172           $ 1,075,581           $ 5,315     

Principal paydowns

     (6,675)          (109)          (1,240)          (122,789)          -         

(Losses) gains in net income, net

     (40,307)          2,818           34,380           45,824           9,628     

Unrealized losses in OCI, net

     -               -               -               (48,823)          -         

Acquisitions

     6,448,724           262,806           104,552           417,251          45,291     

Sales

     (6,228,242)          (238,102)          (40,010)          (173,220)          -         

Other settlements, net

     (915)          -               -               -               -         
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending Balance - September 30, 2013

     $ 726,161           $ 27,413          $ 130,854           $ 1,193,824           $ 60,234     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table presents the portion of gains or losses included in our consolidated statements of income that were attributable to Level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and held at September 30, 2013 and 2012. Gains or losses incurred on assets or liabilities sold, matured, called, or fully written down during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 are not included in this presentation.

Portion of Net Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held at September 30, 2013 and 2012 Included in Net Income

 

                                                                           
     Included in Net Income  
     Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(In Thousands)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Assets

           

Residential loans, at fair value

     $ (1,864)          $ 11,662           $ (3,088)          $ 11,662     

Commercial loans, at fair value

     831           11           831           134     

Trading securities

     (1,525)          28,937           28,491           71,136     

Available-for-sale securities

     -               (1,207)          (940)          (1,842)    

MSRs

     1,344           (578)          12,561           (1,029)    

Liabilities

           

Derivative liabilities

     -               (2,304)          -              (3,394)    

ABS issued - Acacia

     -               (28,167)          -              (73,193)    

 

26


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

The following table presents information on assets recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis at September 30, 2013. This table does not include the carrying value and gains or losses associated with the asset types below that were not recorded at fair value on our balance sheet at September 30, 2013.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis at September 30, 2013

 

                   Gain (Loss) for  
September 30, 2013    Carrying      Fair Value Measurements Using      Three Months Ended      Nine Months Ended  

(In Thousands)

   Value      Level 1      Level 2      Level 3      September 30, 2013      September 30, 2013  

Assets

                 

Residential loans, at lower of cost or fair value

     $    1,116           $ -             $ -             $ 1,116           $ (13)          $ 29     

REO

     1,305           -             -             1,305           30           (367)    

The following table presents the components of market valuation adjustments, net, recorded in our consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Market Valuation Adjustments, Net

 

                                                                                                                           
     Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(In Thousands)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Other

           

Residential loans, at lower of cost or fair value

     $ (11)          $ 90           $ 68           $ 572     

Commercial loans, at fair value

     -           11           -           134     

Trading securities

     540           35,099           (4,168)          84,923     

Impairments on AFS securities

     -           (1,207)          (1,666)          (1,842)    

REO

     (76)          (220)          (407)          (364)    

Other derivative instruments, net

     9           (4,649)          74           (10,632)    

ABS issued—Acacia

     -           (28,167)          -           (73,193)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total other

     462           957           (6,099)          (402)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Mortgage banking activities

           

Residential loans, at fair value

     (10,804)          14,976           (17,339)          14,992     

Commercial loans, at fair value

     3,171           -           2,826           -     

Trading securities

     (1,866)          (4,427)          36,399           (9,101)    

MSRs

     460           (650)          9,629           (1,194)    

Derivative instruments, net

     442           (2,385)          51,009           (8,784)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total mortgage banking activities

     (8,597)          7,514           82,524           (4,087)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Market Valuation Adjustments, Net

     $ (8,135)          $ 8,471           $ 76,425           $ (4,489)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Valuation Policy

We maintain a policy that specifies the methodology we use to value different types of financial instruments. Significant changes to the valuation methodology are reviewed by members of senior management to confirm the changes are appropriate and reasonable. Valuations based on information from external sources are performed on an instrument-by-instrument basis with the resulting amounts analyzed individually against internal calculations as well as in the aggregate by product type classification. Initial valuations are performed by our portfolio management group using the valuation process described below. A subset of our finance department then independently reviews all fair value estimates using available market, portfolio, and industry information to ensure they are reasonable. Finally, members of senior management review all fair value estimates, including an analysis of valuation changes from prior reporting periods.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

Valuation Process

We estimate fair values for financial assets or liabilities based on available observable and unobservable inputs observed in the marketplace. We primarily use two pricing valuation techniques: market comparable pricing and discounted cash flow analysis. Market comparable pricing is used to determine the estimated fair value of certain instruments by incorporating known inputs and performance metrics, such as observed prepayment rates, delinquencies, credit support, recent transaction prices, pending transactions, or prices of other similar instruments. Discounted cash flow analysis techniques generally consist of developing an estimate of future cash flows that are expected to occur over the life of an instrument and then discounting those cash flows at a rate of return that results in an estimate of fair value. After considering all available indications of the appropriate rate of return that market participants would require, we consider the reasonableness of the range indicated by the results to determine an estimate that is most representative of fair value. We also consider counterparty credit quality and risk as part of our fair value assessments.

The following table provides quantitative information about the significant unobservable inputs used in the valuation of our Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value.

Fair Value Methodology for Level 3 Financial Instruments

 

September 30, 2013

(Dollars in Thousands)

   Fair
Value
    

Unobservable Input

   Range      Weighted
Average
 

Assets

           

Residential loans, at fair value:

           

Loans priced to securitization

     $ 230,465       Discount rate      4 - 4  %           4  %     
      Prepayment rate      15 -15  %           15  %     
      Default rate      1 - 1  %           1  %     
      Loss severity      22 - 22  %           22  %     
      Credit support      8 - 8  %           8  %     

Loans priced to whole loan market and committed to sell

     401,009       Pool fallout assumption      0 - 0  %           -       %     

Loans priced to whole loan market and uncommitted to sell

     94,688       Base Price      101.5 - 101.5  %           101.5  %     
      Base Coupon      3.2 - 4.1  %           3.9  %     
      Buy up (x coupon difference from base coupon)      2 - 2    x           2    x     
      Buy Down (x coupon difference from base coupon)      3 - 3    x           3    x     

Residential loans, at lower of cost or fair value

     1,116       Loss severity      15-28   %           21  %     

Commercial loans, held for sale

     27,413       Credit Spread      161 bps - 161 bps         161 bps   
      Credit Support      20 - 20  %           20  %     

Trading and AFS securities

     1,324,678       Discount rate      5 - 13  %           7  %     
      Prepayment speed      1 - 40  %           13  %     
      Default rate      0 - 35  %           8  %     
      Loss severity      20 - 66  %           32  %     
      Credit support      0 - 61  %           5  %     

MSRs

     60,234       Discount rate      9 - 11  %           11  %     
      Prepayment rate      6 - 60  %           9  %     

REO

     1,305       Historical loss adjustment      0 - 40  %           15  %     

 

28


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

Determination of Fair Value

A description of the instruments measured at fair value as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 valuation hierarchy is listed herein. We generally use both market comparable information and discounted cash flow modeling techniques to determine the fair value of our Level 3 assets and liabilities. Use of these techniques requires determination of relevant inputs and assumptions, some of which represent significant unobservable inputs as indicated in the preceding table. Accordingly, a significant increase or decrease in any of these inputs – such as anticipated credit losses, prepayment speeds, interest rates, or other valuation assumptions – in isolation, would likely result in a significantly lower or higher fair value measurement.

Residential loans

Estimated fair values for residential loans are determined based on either an exit price to securitization or the whole loan market. For loans valued based on an exit to securitization, significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3 in nature, due to the limited availability of market quotes on newly issued Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (“RMBS”) and related inputs. Relevant market indicators that are factored into the analyses include third-party RMBS sales, pricing points for secondary sales of RMBS we have issued in past periods, yields for RMBS issued by government sponsored enterprises, indexed swap yields, credit rating agency guidance on expected credit enhancement levels for newly issued RMBS transactions, interest rates, and prepayment speeds (Level 3).

For loans valued based on an exit to the whole loan market, significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3 in nature. Relevant market indicators that are factored into the analyses include prices on recent sales of our own whole loans, indexed swap yields, interest rates, prepayment speeds, and loss severities (Level 3). These assets would generally decrease in value based upon an increase in the loss severity assumption and would generally increase in value if the loss severity assumption were to decrease.

Commercial loans

Estimated fair values for commercial mezzanine loans are determined by both market comparable pricing and discounted cash flow analysis valuation techniques (Level 3). Our discounted cash flow models utilize certain significant unobservable inputs including the underwritten net operating income and debt coverage ratio assumptions and actual performance relative to those underwritten metrics. A decrease in these unobservable inputs will reduce the estimated fair value of the commercial loans.

Estimated fair values for commercial senior mortgage loans are determined by an exit price to securitization. Certain significant inputs in the valuation analysis are Level 3 in nature. Relevant market indicators that are factored into the analyses include third-party Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“CMBS”) sales, pricing points for secondary sales of CMBS, yields for synthetic instruments that use CMBS bonds as an underlying index, indexed swap yields, credit rating agency guidance on expected credit enhancement levels for newly issued CMBS transactions, and interest rates (Level 3). In certain cases, commercial senior mortgage loans are valued based on third-party offers for purchase into securitization (Level 2).

Real estate securities

Real estate securities include residential, commercial, and other asset-backed securities that are generally illiquid in nature and trade infrequently. For real estate securities, we utilize both market comparable pricing and discounted cash flow analysis valuation techniques. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3 in nature, due to the lack of readily available market quotes and related inputs. Relevant market indicators that are factored into the analyses include bid/ask spreads, credit losses, interest rates, and prepayment speeds. Estimated fair values are based on applying the market indicators to generate discounted cash flows (Level 3). These cash flow models use significant unobservable inputs such as a discount rate, prepayment rate, default rate, loss severity and credit support. The estimated fair value of our securities would generally decrease based upon an increase in serious delinquencies. Conversely, the estimated fair value of our securities would generally increase if the prepayment rate or credit support inputs were to increase.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

As part of our securities valuation process, we request and consider indications of value from third-party securities dealers. For purposes of pricing our securities at September 30, 2013, we received dealer price indications on 78% of our securities, representing 91% of our carrying value. In the aggregate, our internal valuations of the securities for which we received dealer price indications were 1% lower than the aggregate dealer valuations. Once we receive the price indications from dealers, they are compared to other relevant market inputs, such as actual or comparable trades, and the results of our discounted cash flow analysis. In circumstances where relevant market inputs cannot be obtained, increased reliance on discounted cash flow analysis and management judgment are required to estimate fair value.

Derivative assets and liabilities

Our derivative instruments include interest rate agreements, TBAs, and financial futures. Fair values of derivative instruments are determined using quoted prices from active markets, when available, or valuation models and are supported by valuations provided by dealers active in derivative markets. TBA and financial futures fair values are generally obtained using quoted prices from active markets (Level 1). Our derivative valuation models for interest rate agreements require a variety of inputs, including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, credit curves, measures of volatility, prepayment rates, and correlations of certain inputs. Model inputs for interest rate agreements can generally be verified and model selection does not involve significant management judgment (Level 2).

For other derivatives, valuations are based on various factors such as liquidity, bid/ask spreads, and credit considerations for which we rely on available market inputs. In the absence of such inputs, management’s best estimate is used (Level 3). At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we had no Level 3 derivatives.

Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Fair values equal carrying values (Level 1).

Restricted cash

Restricted cash primarily includes interest-earning cash balances at consolidated Sequoia entities and at the Residential Resecuritization and Commercial Securitization entities for the purpose of distribution to investors and reinvestment. Due to the short-term nature of the restrictions, fair values approximate carrying values (Level 1).

Accrued interest receivable and payable

Accrued interest receivable and payable includes interest due on our assets and payable on our liabilities. Due to the short-term nature of when these interest payments will be received or paid, fair values approximate carrying values (Level 1).

MSRs

MSRs include the rights to service mortgage loans. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3, due to the nature of these instruments and the lack of readily available market quotes. These inputs include market discount rates, prepayment speeds of serviced loans, and the market cost of servicing. Changes in the fair value of MSRs occur primarily due to the collection/realization of expected cash flows, as well as changes in valuation inputs and assumptions. Estimated fair values are based on applying the inputs to generate the net present value of estimated MSR income, which is what we believe market participants would use to estimate fair value (Level 3). These discounted cash flow models utilize certain significant unobservable inputs including prepayment rate and discount rate assumptions. An increase in these unobservable inputs will reduce the estimated fair value of the MSRs and alternatively, a decrease in these inputs will increase the estimated fair value of the MSRs. As part of our MSR valuation process, we received a valuation estimate from a third-party valuations group. In the aggregate, our internal valuation of the MSRs was less than 1% lower than the third-party valuation.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

REO

REO includes properties owned in satisfaction of foreclosed loans. Fair values are determined using available market quotes, appraisals, broker price opinions, comparable properties, or other indications of value (Level 3).

Margin receivable

Margin receivable reflects cash collateral we have posted with our various derivative and debt counterparties as required to satisfy margin requirements. Fair values approximate carrying values (Level 1).

Short-term debt

Short-term debt includes our credit facilities that mature within one year. Fair values approximate carrying values (Level 1).

ABS issued

ABS issued includes asset-backed securities issued through the Sequoia, Residential Resecuritization, and Commercial Securitization entities. These instruments are illiquid in nature and trade infrequently, if at all. For ABS issued, we utilize both market comparable pricing and discounted cash flow analysis valuation techniques. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3, due to the nature of these instruments and the lack of readily available market quotes. Relevant market indicators factored into the analyses include bid/ask spreads, external spreads, collateral credit losses, interest rates, default rates, loss severities, and collateral prepayment speeds. Estimated fair values are based on applying the market indicators to generate discounted cash flows (Level 3). These liabilities would generally increase in value based upon a decrease in default rates and would generally decrease in value if the prepayment rate or credit support input were to decrease.

As part of our ABS issued valuation process, we also request and consider indications of value from third-party securities dealers. For purposes of pricing our ABS issued at September 30, 2013, we received dealer price indications on 41% of our ABS issued. In the aggregate, our internal valuations of the ABS issued for which we received dealer price indications were 2% higher than the aggregate dealer valuations. Once we receive the price indications from dealers, they are compared to other relevant market inputs, such as actual or comparable trades, and the results of our discounted cash flow analysis.

Commercial borrowings

Commercial borrowings include our commercial loan repurchase agreement that matures in more than one year. Fair values approximate carrying values (Level 1).

Convertible notes

Convertible notes include unsecured convertible senior notes. Fair values are determined using quoted prices in active markets (Level 1).

Other long-term debt

Other long-term debt includes trust preferred securities and subordinated notes. Estimated fair values are determined using discounted cash flow analysis valuation techniques. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3, due to the nature of these instruments and the lack of readily available market quotes. Estimated fair values are based on applying the market indicators to generate discounted cash flows (Level 3).

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

 

 

Note 6. Residential Loans

We acquire residential loans from third-party originators. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we purchased $6.35 billion (principal balance) of residential loans primarily in connection with our Sequoia securitization program, for which we elected the fair value option. The following table summarizes the classifications and carrying value of the residential loans owned at Redwood and at consolidated Sequoia entities at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

                                                                                            

September 30, 2013

(In Thousands)

   Redwood      Sequoia      Total  

Held-for-sale

        

Fair value

     $ 726,161           $ -           $ 726,161     

Lower of cost or fair value

     1,718           -           1,718     

Held-for-investment

     -           1,864,653           1,864,653     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Residential Loans

     $ 727,879           $ 1,864,653           $ 2,592,532     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

December 31, 2012

(In Thousands)

   Redwood      Sequoia      Total  

Held-for-sale

        

Fair value

     $ 553,576           $ -           $ 553,576     

Lower of cost or fair value

     9,082           -           9,082     

Held-for-investment

     -           2,272,812           2,272,812     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Residential Loans

     $ 562,658           $ 2,272,812           $ 2,835,470     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Residential Loans Held-for-Sale

Residential Loans at Fair Value

At September 30, 2013, there were 933 residential loans at fair value, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $722 million and an aggregate fair value of $726 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, we recorded $11 million and $17 million of negative valuation adjustments, respectively, on residential loans for which we elected the fair value option through mortgage banking activities, net, a component of our consolidated income statement. At December 31, 2012, there were 685 residential loans at fair value, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $533 million and an aggregate fair value of $554 million.

Residential Loans at Lower of Cost or Fair Value

At September 30, 2013, there were 10 residential loans at lower of cost or fair value with $2 million in outstanding principal balance and a carrying value of $2 million. At December 31, 2012, there were 17 residential loans at lower of cost or fair value with $10 million in outstanding principal balance and a carrying value of $9 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, we recorded valuation adjustments for residential loans held-for-sale of negative $11 thousand and positive $68 thousand, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, we recorded valuation adjustments for residential loans held-for-sale of negative $367 thousand and positive $131 thousand, respectively.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 6. Residential Loans — (continued)

 

Residential Loans Held-for-Investment

The following table details the carrying value for residential loans held-for-investment at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. These loans are owned at Sequoia securitization entities that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes.

 

                                                                           

(In Thousands)

   September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

Principal balance

     $ 1,869,726           $ 2,278,069     

Unamortized premium, net

     18,142           23,247     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Recorded investment

     1,887,868           2,301,316     

Allowance for loan losses

     (23,215)          (28,504)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Carrying Value

     $ 1,864,653           $ 2,272,812     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Of the $1.87 billion of principal balance and $18 million of unamortized premium on loans held-for-investment at September 30, 2013, $776 million of principal balance and $12 million of unamortized premium relate to residential loans acquired prior to July 1, 2004. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, 15% of these residential loans prepaid and we amortized 26% of the premium based upon the accounting elections we apply. For residential loans acquired after July 1, 2004, the principal balance was $1.10 billion and the unamortized premium was $7 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, 20% of these loans prepaid and we amortized 14% of the premium.

Of the $2.28 billion of principal balance and $23 million of unamortized premium on loans held-for-investment at December 31, 2012, $912 million of principal balance and $16 million of unamortized premium relate to residential loans acquired prior to July 1, 2004. For residential loans acquired after July 1, 2004, the principal balance was $1.37 billion and the unamortized premium was $8 million.

Credit Characteristics of Residential Loans Held-for-Investment

As a percentage of our recorded investment, 98% of residential loans held-for-investment at September 30, 2013, were first lien, predominately prime-quality loans at the time of origination. The remaining 2% of loans were second lien, home equity lines of credit. The weighted average original LTV ratio for our residential loans held-for-investment outstanding at September 30, 2013, was 66%. The weighted average FICO score for the borrowers of these loans was 733 at the time the loans were originated.

We consider the year of origination of our residential loans held-for-investment to be a general indicator of credit performance as loans originated in specific years have often possessed similar product and credit characteristics. The following table displays our recorded investment in residential loans held-for-investment at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, organized by year of origination.

 

(In Thousands)

     September 30, 2013          December 31, 2012    

2003 & Earlier

     $ 942,405           $ 1,131,200     

2004

     528,728           569,379     

2005

     66,821           71,792     

2006

     151,067           164,333     

2007

     -           -     

2008

     -           -     

2009

     30,395           58,628     

2010

     102,385           197,964     

2011

     66,067           108,020     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Recorded Investment

     $ 1,887,868           $ 2,301,316     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 6. Residential Loans — (continued)

 

Allowance for Loan Losses on Residential Loans

For residential loans held-for-investment, we establish and maintain an allowance for loan losses. The allowance includes a component for pools of residential loans owned at Sequoia securitization entities that we collectively evaluated for impairment, and a component for loans individually evaluated for impairment that includes modified residential loans at Sequoia entities that have been determined to be troubled debt restructurings.

Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses on Residential Loans

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

 

       Three Months Ended September 30,          Nine Months Ended September 30,    

(In Thousands)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Balance at beginning of period

     $ 23,150           $ 55,449           $ 28,504           $ 66,881     

Charge-offs, net

     (818)          (2,514)           (3,363)          (7,653)    

Provision for (reversal of) provision for loan losses

     883           813           (1,926)          (902)    

Deconsolidation adjustment

     -               -               -               (4,578)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at End of Period

     $ 23,215           $ 53,748           $ 23,215           $ 53,748     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

During the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, there were less than $1 million and $3 million of charge-offs of residential loans that reduced our allowance for loan losses, respectively. These charge-offs arose from $3 million and $7 million of defaulted loan principal, respectively. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, there were $3 million and $8 million of charge-offs of residential loans, respectively, that reduced our allowance for loan losses. These charge-offs arose from $10 million and $21 million of defaulted loan principal, respectively.

Residential Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment

We establish the collective component of the allowance for residential loan losses based primarily on the characteristics of the loan pools underlying the securitization entities that own the loans, including loan product types, credit characteristics, and origination years. The collective analysis is further divided into two segments. The first segment reflects our estimate of losses on delinquent loans within each loan pool. These loss estimates are determined by applying the loss factors described in Note 3 to the delinquent loans, including our expectations of the timing of defaults and the loss severities we expect once defaults occur. The second segment relates to our estimate of losses incurred on nondelinquent loans within each loan pool. This estimate is based on losses we expect to realize over a 23 month loss confirmation period, which is based on our historical loss experience as well as consideration of the loss factors described in Note 3.

The following table summarizes the balances for loans collectively evaluated for impairment at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

(In Thousands)

     September 30, 2013          December 31, 2012    

Principal balance

     $ 1,861,027           $ 2,272,104     

Recorded investment

     1,879,355           2,295,471     

Related allowance

     22,332           27,891     

The following table summarizes the recorded investment and past due status of residential loans collectively evaluated for impairment at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

       30-59 Days          60-89 Days            90+ Days                    

(In Thousands)

   Past Due      Past Due      Past Due        Current          Total Loans    

September 30, 2013

     $         37,850           $         15,778           $         69,236           $       1,756,491           $       1,879,355     

December 31, 2012

     29,345           17,593           62,937           2,185,596           2,295,471     

 

34


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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 6. Residential Loans — (continued)

 

Residential Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment

As part of the loss mitigation efforts undertaken by servicers of residential loans owned at Sequoia securitization entities, a number of loan modifications have been completed to help make mortgage loans more affordable for qualifying borrowers and potentially reduce a future impairment. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, the loan modifications determined to be TDRs were either: (i) conversions of a floating rate mortgage loan into a fixed rate mortgage loan; (ii) reductions in the contractual interest rates of a mortgage loan paired with capitalization of accrued interest; or (iii) principal forgiveness paired with interest rate reductions.

The following table presents the details of the loan modifications determined to be TDRs for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

 

     Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(Dollars in Thousands)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

TDRs

           

Number of modifications

     5           4           12           10     

Pre-modification outstanding recorded investment

     $             1,144           $             1,337           $             2,939           $             3,848     

Post-modification outstanding recorded investment

     898           1,397           2,838           3,823     

Loan modification effect on net interest income after provision and other MVA

     (555)          (410)          (863)          (1,007)    

TDRs that Subsequently Defaulted

           

Number of modifications

     1           2           4           6     

Recorded investment

     $ 201           $ 1,301           $ 788           $ 2,987     

If we determine that a restructured loan is a TDR, we remove it from the general loan pools used for determining the allowance for residential loan losses and assess it for impairment on an individual basis. This assessment is based primarily on whether an adverse change in the expected future cash flows resulted from the restructuring. The average recorded investment of loans individually evaluated for impairment for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, was $8 million and $16 million, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, we recorded interest income of $81 thousand and $22 thousand, respectively, on individually impaired loans. The average recorded investment of loans individually evaluated for impairment for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, was $7 million and $15 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, we recorded interest income of $102 thousand and $281 thousand, respectively, on individually impaired loans.

The following table summarizes the balances for loans individually evaluated for impairment, all of which had an allowance, at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

(In Thousands)

     September 30, 2013          December 31, 2012    

Principal balance

     $ 8,699           $ 5,965     

Recorded investment

     8,513           5,845     

Related allowance

     883             613     

The following table summarizes the recorded investment and past due status of residential loans individually evaluated for impairment at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

     30-59 Days      60-89 Days      90+ Days                

(In Thousands)

   Past Due      Past Due      Past Due      Current      Total Loans  

September 30, 2013

     $             1,399           $             381           $             193           $             6,540           $             8,513     

December 31, 2012

     160           645           -           5,040           5,845     

 

35


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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 7. Commercial Loans

We invest in commercial loans that we originate and service as well as loans that we acquire from third-party originators. The following table summarizes the classifications and carrying value of commercial loans at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

(In Thousands)

     September 30, 2013          December 31, 2012    

Held-for-sale

     

Fair value

     $ 27,413           $ -     

Lower of cost or fair value

     -           8,500     

Held-for-investment

     352,440           304,510     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Commercial Loans

     $ 379,853           $ 313,010     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commercial Loans Held-for-Sale

Commercial loans held-for-sale include loans we originate and intend to sell to third parties.

Commercial Loans at Fair Value

At September 30, 2013, there were 4 senior commercial loans at fair value, with an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $27 million and an aggregate fair value of $27 million. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, we recorded $3 million of positive valuation adjustments on commercial loans for which we elected the fair value option through mortgage banking activities, net, a component of our consolidated income statement. At December 31, 2012, there were no commercial loans at fair value.

Commercial Loans at Lower of Cost or Fair Value

At September 30, 2013, there were no commercial loans held at the lower of cost or fair value. During both the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, we did not record a valuation adjustment on commercial loans held-for-sale. At December 31, 2012, there was one senior commercial loan held-for-sale with $9 million in outstanding principal balance and a lower of cost or fair value of $9 million. During nine months ended September 30, 2012, we did not record a valuation adjustment.

Commercial Loans Held-for-Investment

Commercial loans held-for-investment include loans we originate and preferred equity investments we make or, in either case, acquire from third parties. Through September 30, 2013, these loans have typically been mezzanine loans that are secured by a borrower’s ownership interest in a single purpose entity that owns commercial property, rather than a lien on the commercial property. The preferred equity investments are typically preferred equity interests in a single purpose entity that owns commercial property and are included within, and referred to herein, as commercial loans held-for-investment due to the fact that their risks and payment characteristics are nearly equivalent to commercial mezzanine loans.

The following table provides additional information for our commercial loans held-for-investment at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

(In Thousands)

     September 30, 2013          December 31, 2012    

Principal balance

     $ 361,759           $ 312,400     

Unamortized discount, net

     (2,815)          (3,806)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Recorded investment

     358,944           308,594     

Allowance for loan losses

     (6,504)          (4,084)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Carrying Value

     $ 352,440           $ 304,510     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

36


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 7. Commercial Loans — (continued)

 

At September 30, 2013, there were 50 commercial loans held-for-investment with an outstanding principal balance of $362 million and a carrying value of $352 million. Of the $359 million of recorded investment in commercial loans held-for-investment at September 30, 2013, 17% was originated in 2013, 44% was originated in 2012, 34% was originated in 2011, and 5% was originated in 2010. At December 31, 2012, there were 35 commercial loans held-for-investment with an outstanding principal balance of $312 million and a carrying value of $305 million. Of the $309 million of recorded investment in commercial loans held-for-investment at December 31, 2012, 53% was originated in 2012, 38% was originated in 2011, 9% was originated in 2010, and less than 1% was acquired in 2004.

Allowance for Loan Losses on Commercial Loans

For commercial loans classified as held-for-investment, we establish and maintain an allowance for loan losses. The allowance includes a component for loans collectively evaluated for impairment and a component for loans individually evaluated for impairment.

Activity in the Allowance for Loan Losses on Commercial Loans

The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for commercial loan losses for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

 

     Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(In Thousands)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Balance at beginning of period

     $ 5,660           $ 1,258           $ 4,084           $ 608     

Charge-offs, net

     -                -                -                -          

Provision for loan losses

     844           506           2,420           1,156     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at End of Period

     $ 6,504           $ 1,764           $ 6,504           $ 1,764     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Commercial Loans Collectively Evaluated for Impairment

We record an allowance for loan losses based on our estimate of credit losses inherent in our portfolio at the reporting date. Our estimate of credit losses is informed by loss rates and delinquency trends. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, all of the commercial loans collectively evaluated for impairment were current and were assigned an impairment status of “Pass.” The following table summarizes the balances for loans collectively evaluated for impairment at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

(In Thousands)

     September 30, 2013          December 31, 2012    

Principal balance

     $ 361,759           $ 312,400     

Recorded investment

     358,944           308,594     

Related allowance

     6,504           4,084     

Commercial Loans Individually Evaluated for Impairment

We did not have any loans individually evaluated for impairment at either September 30, 2013 or December 31, 2012.

Note 8. Real Estate Securities

We invest in mortgage-backed securities. The following table presents the fair values of our real estate securities by collateral type at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

(In Thousands)

   September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

Residential

     $                 1,324,678             $                 1,094,684       

Commercial

     -                 14,069       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Real Estate Securities

     $ 1,324,678             $ 1,108,753       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

37


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 8. Real Estate Securities — (continued)

 

Our residential securities are presented in accordance with their general position within a securitization structure based on their rights to cash flows. Senior securities are those interests in a securitization that have the first right to cash flows and are last in line to absorb losses. Re-REMIC securities, as presented herein, were created through the resecuritization of certain senior interests to provide additional credit support to those interests. These re-REMIC securities are therefore subordinate to the remaining senior interest, but senior to any subordinate tranches of the securitization from which they were created. Subordinate securities are all interests below senior and re-REMIC interests.

Trading Securities

We elected the fair value option for certain securities and classify them as trading securities. At September 30, 2013, our trading securities included $127 million of interest-only securities, for which there is no principal balance, and $4 million of residential subordinate securities. The unpaid principal balance of residential subordinate securities classified as trading was $15 million and $12 million at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. The following table presents trading securities by collateral type at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

(In Thousands)

   September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

Senior Securities

     

Residential prime

     $                 117,443             $                 10,409       

Residential non-prime

     8,864             22,134       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Senior Securities

     126,307             32,543       

Subordinate Securities

     

Residential prime

     4,547             468       

Residential non-prime

     -                 161       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Subordinate Securities

     4,547             629       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Trading Securities

     $ 130,854             $ 33,172       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

AFS Securities

The following table presents the fair value of our available-for-sale securities held at Redwood by collateral type at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

(In Thousands)

   September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

Senior Securities

     

Residential prime

     $ 363,822             $ 466,523       

Residential non-prime

     195,154             245,266       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Senior Securities

     558,976             711,789       

Re-REMIC Securities

     156,346             163,035       

Subordinate Securities

     

Residential prime

     478,369             184,528       

Residential non-prime

     133             2,160       

Commercial

     -                 14,069       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Subordinate Securities

     478,502             200,757       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total AFS Securities

     $                 1,193,824             $                 1,075,581       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

38


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 8. Real Estate Securities — (continued)

 

The senior securities shown above at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, included $141 million and $172 million, respectively, of prime securities, and $135 million and $152 million, respectively, of non-prime securities that were financed through the Residential Resecuritization entity, as discussed in Note 4.

We often purchase AFS securities at a discount to their outstanding principal balances. To the extent we purchase an AFS security that has a likelihood of incurring a loss, we do not amortize into income the portion of the purchase discount that we do not expect to collect due to the inherent credit risk of the security. We may also expense a portion of our investment in the security to the extent we believe that principal losses will exceed the purchase discount. We designate any amount of unpaid principal balance that we do not expect to receive and thus do not expect to earn or recover as a credit reserve on the security. Any remaining net unamortized discounts or premiums on the security are amortized into income over time using the interest method.

At September 30, 2013, there were $1 thousand of AFS residential securities with contractual maturities less than five years, $3 million of AFS residential securities with contractual maturities greater than five years but less than ten years, and the remainder of our real estate securities had contractual maturities greater than ten years.

During the first quarter of 2013, we sold all of our commercial AFS securities, resulting in a realized gain of $12 million. The following table presents the components of carrying value (which equals fair value) of residential AFS securities at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Carrying Value of Residential AFS Securities

 

(In Thousands)

   September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

Principal balance

     $ 1,481,198             $ 1,277,401       

Credit reserve

     (136,292)            (187,032)      

Unamortized discount, net

     (288,838)            (203,421)      
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Amortized cost

     1,056,068             886,948       

Gross unrealized gains

     155,972             176,929       

Gross unrealized losses

     (18,216)            (2,365)      
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Carrying Value

     $                 1,193,824             $                 1,061,512       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table presents the changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, in unamortized discount and designated credit reserves on residential AFS securities.

Changes in Unamortized Discount and Designated Credit Reserves on Residential AFS Securities

 

     Three Months Ended September 30, 2013  
     Credit      Unamortized  

(In Thousands)

   Reserve      Discount, Net  

Beginning balance

     $ 190,410             $ 235,846       

Amortization of net discount

     -                 (8,785)      

Realized credit losses

     (4,940)            -         

Acquisitions

     3,669             30,361       

Sales, calls, other

     (17,597)            (3,834)      

Impairments

     -                 -           

Transfers to (release of) credit reserves, net

     (35,250)            35,250       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending Balance

     $                     136,292             $                     288,838       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 8. Real Estate Securities — (continued)

 

     Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013  
     Credit      Unamortized  

(In Thousands)

   Reserve      Discount, Net  

Beginning balance

     $ 187,032             $ 203,421       

Amortization of net discount

     -                 (24,632)      

Realized credit losses

     (16,905)            -           

Acquisitions

     12,066             84,884       

Sales, calls, other

     (17,935)            (4,467)      

Impairments

     1,666             -           

Transfers to (release of) credit reserves, net

     (29,632)            29,632       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Ending Balance

     $ 136,292             $ 288,838       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Credit Characteristics of Residential AFS Securities

Of the $136 million of credit reserve on our residential securities at September 30, 2013, $26 million was related to residential senior securities, $33 million was related to residential re-REMIC securities, and $77 million was related to residential subordinate securities. The loans underlying our $364 million of prime residential senior securities totaled $9 billion at September 30, 2013, and the loans underlying our $195 million of non-prime residential senior securities totaled $4 billion. Serious delinquencies on loans underlying our senior securities at September 30, 2013, were 9.51% of outstanding principal balances. The loans underlying our residential re-REMIC securities totaled $4 billion at September 30, 2013, and consisted of $4 billion prime and $101 million non-prime credit quality collateral at time of origination. Serious delinquencies on loans underlying our re-REMIC securities at September 30, 2013, were 9.50% of outstanding principal balances. The loans underlying our residential subordinate securities totaled $17 billion at September 30, 2013, and consisted of $16 billion prime and $300 million non-prime credit quality at time of origination. Serious delinquencies on loans underlying our subordinate securities at September 30, 2013, were 3.29% of outstanding principal balances.

Residential AFS Securities with Unrealized Losses

The following table presents the components comprising the total carrying value of residential AFS securities that were in a gross unrealized loss position at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

     Less Than 12 Consecutive Months      12 Consecutive Months or Longer  

(In Thousands)

   Amortized
Cost
     Unrealized
Losses
     Fair
Value
     Amortized
Cost
     Unrealized
Losses
     Fair
Value
 

September 30, 2013

     $       431,721           $       (16,998)           $       414,723           $       11,020           $       (1,218)           $ 9,802     

December 31, 2012

     22,803           (293)           22,510           26,729           (2,072)                 24,657     

At September 30, 2013, after giving effect to purchases, sales, and extinguishments due to credit losses, our consolidated balance sheet included 297 AFS securities, of which 63 were in an unrealized loss position and seven were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 consecutive months or longer. At December 31, 2012, our consolidated balance sheet included 284 AFS securities, of which 22 were in an unrealized loss position and 14 were in a continuous unrealized loss position for 12 consecutive months or longer.

Evaluating AFS Securities for Other-than-Temporary Impairments

When the fair value of an AFS security is below its cost basis, we evaluate the security for OTTI. Part of this evaluation is based upon adverse changes in the assumptions used to value the security. The table below summarizes the significant valuation assumptions we used for our AFS securities at September 30, 2013.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 8. Real Estate Securities — (continued)

 

Significant Valuation Assumptions

 

     Range for Securities  

September 30, 2013

   Prime      Non-prime  

Prepayment rates

     4 - 50 %         3 - 10 %   

Loss severity

                             15 -56 %                                 30 -59 %   

Projected losses

     0 - 38 %         4 - 15 %   

For an AFS security with a fair value that has declined below its amortized cost basis, we evaluate the security for OTTI. The credit component of OTTI is recognized through our consolidated statements of income as a component of other market valuation adjustments, net, while the non-credit component of OTTI is recognized through accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of equity. The following table details the activity related to the credit component of OTTI (i.e., OTTI in either current earnings or retained earnings) for AFS securities that also had a non-credit component and were still held at September 30, 2013 and 2012. The balance of the credit component of OTTI at September 30, 2013 and 2012 includes all market valuation adjustments recorded through the income statement for securities still held on our balance sheet at September 30, 2013 and 2012, as well as a portion of OTTI previously recognized in other comprehensive income.

Activity of the Credit Component of Other-than-Temporary Impairments

 

     Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(In Thousands)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Balance at beginning of period

     $ 42,674             $ 67,054             $ 50,852             $ 78,126       

Additions

           

Initial credit impairments

     -                 164             -                 325       

Subsequent credit impairments

     -                 58             -                 149       

Reductions

           

Securities sold, or expected to sell

     (3,288)            (9,069)            (5,479)            (9,069)      

Securities with no outstanding principal at period end

     (764)            (4,310)            (6,751)            (15,634)      
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at End of Period

     $         38,622             $         53,897             $         38,622             $         53,897       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The credit component of OTTI is reduced if we sell, intend to sell, or believe we will be required to sell previously credit-impaired debt securities. Additionally, the credit component of OTTI is reduced if we receive or expect to receive cash flows in excess of what we previously expected to receive over the remaining life of the credit-impaired debt security, the security matures, or the security experiences an event (such as full prepayment or principal losses) such that the outstanding principal is reduced to zero.

Gross Realized Gains and Losses on AFS Securities

Gains and losses from the sale of AFS securities are recorded as realized gains, net, in our consolidated statements of income. The following table presents the gross realized gains and losses on sales and calls of AFS securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

 

     Three Months Ended
September 30,
     Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(In Thousands)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Gross realized gains - sales

     $          10,532             $          13,920             $          22,762             $          28,693       

Gross realized gains - calls

     –                 –                 333             113       

Gross realized losses - sales

     (214)            –                 (214)            (1,600)      

Gross realized losses - calls

     –                 –                 –                 –           
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Realized Gains on Sales and Calls
of AFS Securities, net

     $ 10,318             $ 13,920             $ 22,881             $ 27,206       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 9. Derivative Financial Instruments

The following table presents the fair value and notional amount of derivative financial instruments held by us at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

     September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

(In Thousands)

   Fair
Value
     Notional
Amount
     Fair
Value
     Notional
Amount
 

Assets - Risk Management Derivatives

           

Interest rate swaps

     $ 3,539             $ 122,000             $ 739             $ 147,000       

TBAs

     745             69,000             –                 –           

Futures

     –                 –                 –                 –           

Swaptions

     568             385,000             2,233             575,000       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Assets

     $ 4,852             $ 576,000             $ 2,972             $ 722,000       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Liabilities - Cash Flow Hedges

           

Interest rate swaps

     $         (23,550)            $         139,500             $         (48,581)            $         139,500       

Liabilities - Risk Management Derivatives

           

Interest rate swaps

     (2,806)            162,500             (1,893)            357,500       

TBAs

     (5,810)            341,000             –               –           

Futures

     (531)            180,000             (607)            234,000       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Liabilities

     $ (32,697)            $ 823,000             $ (51,081)            $ 731,000       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Derivative Financial Instruments, Net

     $ (27,845)            $ 1,399,000             $ (48,109)            $ 1,453,000       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Risk Management Derivatives

To offset, to varying degrees, risks associated with certain assets and liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet, we may enter into derivative contracts.

Certain Risks Related to Unsecuritized Residential and Commercial Loans at Redwood

In order to manage certain risks associated with residential and commercial loans we own or plan to acquire, at September 30, 2013, we were party to interest rate agreements with an aggregate notional amount of $669 million, TBA contracts sold with an aggregate notional amount of $410 million and financial futures contracts with an aggregate notional amount of $180 million. Net market valuation adjustments on risk management derivatives related to unsecuritized loans we own or plan to acquire were positive less than $1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012. Net market valuation adjustments on risk management derivatives related to unsecuritized loans we own or plan to acquire were $51 million and negative $9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges

To hedge the variability in interest expense related to our long-term debt and certain adjustable-rate securitization entity liabilities that are included in our consolidated balance sheets for financial reporting purposes, we designated interest rate swaps as cash flow hedges during 2010 and during the second quarter of 2011 with an aggregate notional balance of $165 million. During the first half of 2012, we unwound swaps with an aggregate notional balance of $26 million that had been designated against certain adjustable-rate securitization entity liabilities.

For the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, these cash flow hedges increased in value by $4 million and $2 million, respectively, which was recorded as an increase to accumulated other comprehensive income, a component of equity. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, these cash flow hedges increased in value by $25 million and $2 million,

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 9. Derivative Financial Instruments — (continued)

 

respectively. For interest rate agreements currently or previously designated as cash flow hedges, our total unrealized loss reported in accumulated other comprehensive income was $23 million and $48 million at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, respectively. For the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, we reclassified less than $1 million of unrealized losses on derivatives to interest expense. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, we reclassified less than $1 million and $3 million, respectively, of unrealized losses on derivatives to interest expense. Accumulated other comprehensive loss of less than $1 million will be amortized into interest expense, a component of our consolidated income statements, over the remaining life of the hedged liabilities.

The following table illustrates the impact on interest expense of our interest rate agreements accounted for as cash flow hedges for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Impact on Interest Expense of Our Interest Rate Agreements Accounted for as Cash Flow Hedges

 

     Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(In Thousands)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Net interest expense on cash flow interest rate agreements

     $           (1,474)            $           (1,409)            $           (4,406)            $           (4,361)      

Realized expense due to ineffective portion of hedges

     -                 -                 -                   (34)      

Realized net losses reclassified from other comprehensive income

     (62)            (1,126)            (219)            (3,260)      
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Interest Expense

     $ (1,536)            $ (2,535)            $ (4,625)            $ (7,655)      
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Derivative Counterparty Credit Risk

We incur credit risk to the extent that counterparties to our derivative financial instruments do not perform their obligations under specified contractual agreements. If a derivative counterparty does not perform, we may not receive the proceeds to which we may be entitled under these agreements. Each of our derivative counterparties must maintain compliance with International Swaps and Derivatives Association (“ISDA”) agreements (or receive a waiver of non-compliance after a specific assessment) in order to conduct derivative transactions with us. Additionally, we review derivative counterparty credit standings, and in the case of a deterioration of creditworthiness, appropriate remedial action is taken. To further mitigate counterparty risk, we exit derivatives contracts with counterparties that (i) do not maintain compliance with (or obtain a waiver from) the terms of their ISDA agreements with us; or (ii) do not maintain their status as a primary government dealer or affiliate by the U.S. Department of Treasury or do not meet internally established guidelines regarding credit worthiness. Our ISDA agreements currently require full bilateral collateralization of unrealized loss exposures with our derivative counterparties. Through a margin posting process, our positions are revalued with counterparties each business day and cash margin is generally transferred to either us or our derivative counterparties as collateral based upon the directional changes in fair value of the positions. We also attempt to transact with several different counterparties in order to reduce our specific counterparty exposure. We consider counterparty risk as part of our fair value assessments of all derivative financial instruments. At September 30, 2013, we assessed this risk as remote and did not record a specific valuation adjustment.

At September 30, 2013, we had outstanding derivative agreements with five counterparties and were in compliance with ISDA agreements governing our open derivative positions.

 

43


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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 10. Other Assets

Other assets at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, are summarized in the following table.

Other Assets

 

(In Thousands)

   September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

Margin receivable

     $                     46,970             $                     63,424       

Investment receivable

     1,821             153       

Other pledged collateral

     5,000             –           

REO

     4,050             4,245       

Prepaid expenses

     2,206             1,684       

Fixed assets and leasehold improvements

     1,065             494       

Income tax receivables

     895             4,762       

Other

     1,080             618       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Other Assets

     $ 63,087             $ 75,380       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

REO consists of foreclosed properties received in satisfaction of defaulted real estate loans. The carrying value of REO at September 30, 2013, was $4 million, which includes the net effect of $3 million related to transfers into REO during the first nine months of 2013, offset by $3 million of REO liquidations, and less than $1 million of negative market valuation adjustments. At September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, there were 22 and 24 REO properties, respectively, recorded on our consolidated balance sheets, all of which were owned at consolidated Sequoia entities. Properties located in Ohio, Florida, Georgia, and Alabama accounted for 64% of our REO properties at September 30, 2013.

Margin receivable resulted from margin calls from our swap, master repurchase agreements, and warehouse facility counterparties that required us to post collateral.

Note 11. Short-Term Debt

We enter into repurchase agreements, bank warehouse agreements, and other forms of collateralized (and generally uncommitted) short-term borrowings with several banks and major investment banking firms. At September 30, 2013, we had outstanding agreements with 13 counterparties and we were in compliance with all of the related covenants. Further information about these financial covenants is set forth in Part I, Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The table below summarizes the facilities that are available to us and the balances of short-term debt at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 by the type of collateral securing the debt.

 

     September 30, 2013  

(Dollars in Thousands)

   Number of
Facilities
     Outstanding      Limit      Maturity  

Collateral Type

           

Residential loans

     5             $ 461,584             $         1,650,000             11/2013-8/2014       

Commercial loans

     1             5,514             100,000             4/2014       

Real estate securities

                         7             371,201             -                 10/2013-11/2013       
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

Total

     13             $         838,299             
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

 

44


Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 11. Short-Term Debt — (continued)

 

     December 31, 2012  

(Dollars in Thousands)

   Number of
Facilities
     Outstanding      Limit      Maturity  

Collateral Type

           

Residential loans

     4             $ 179,982             $ 800,000             1/2013-11/2013       

Real estate securities

     7             371,936             -                 1/2013-3/2013       
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

Total

     11             $ 551,918             
  

 

 

    

 

 

       

Borrowings under these facilities are generally charged interest based on a specified margin over the one-month LIBOR interest rate. At September 30, 2013, all of these borrowings were under uncommitted facilities and were due within 364 days (or less) of the borrowing date. The fair value of residential loans and real estate securities pledged as collateral was $519 million and $500 million, respectively, at September 30, 2013. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the average balance of short-term debt was $1.15 billion and $1.02 billion, respectively. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, the average balance of short-term debt was $571 million and $469 million, respectively. At both September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, accrued interest payable on short-term debt was $1 million.

Characteristics of Short-Term Debt

The table below summarizes short-term debt by weighted average interest rates and by collateral type at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

     September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

(Dollars in Thousands)

   Amount
Borrowed
     Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
     Weighted
Average
Days Until
Maturity
     Amount
Borrowed
     Weighted
Average
Interest
Rate
     Weighted
Average
Days Until
Maturity
 

Collateral Type

                 

Residential loan collateral

     $ 461,584             1.74%         157             $ 179,982             1.76%         212       

Commercial loan collateral

     5,514             2.44%         208             -                 -               -           

Real estate securities collateral

     371,201             1.59%         27             371,936             1.83%         23       
  

 

 

          

 

 

       

Total Short-Term Debt

     $   838,299             1.68%         100             $   551,918             1.81%         84       
  

 

 

          

 

 

       

Remaining Maturities of Short-Term Debt

The following table presents the remaining maturities of short-term debt at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

 

(In Thousands)

   September 30, 2013      December 31, 2012  

Within 30 days

     $                     345,333             $                     362,279       

31 to 90 days

     206,281             48,848       

Over 90 days

     286,685             140,791       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Short-Term Debt

     $ 838,299             $ 551,918       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

45


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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 12. Asset-Backed Securities Issued

Through our Sequoia securitization program, we sponsor securitization transactions in which ABS backed by residential mortgage loans are issued by Sequoia entities. ABS were also issued by securitization entities in the Residential Resecuritization and the Commercial Securitization. Each securitization entity is independent of Redwood and of each other and the assets and liabilities are not owned by and are not legal obligations of Redwood, although we are exposed to certain financial risks associated with our role as a sponsor, manager, or depositor of these entities or as a result of our having sold assets directly or indirectly to these entities.

As a general matter, ABS have been issued by these securitization entities to fund the acquisition of assets from us or from third parties. The ABS issued by these entities consist of various classes of securities that pay interest on a monthly or quarterly basis. Substantially all ABS issued pay variable rates of interest, which are indexed to one-, three-, or six-month LIBOR. Some ABS issued pay fixed rates of interest or pay hybrid rates, which are fixed rates that subsequently adjust to variable rates. ABS issued also includes some interest-only classes with coupons set at a fixed rate or a fixed spread to a benchmark rate, or set at a spread to the interest rates earned on the assets less the interest rates paid on the liabilities of a securitization entity.

The carrying values of ABS issued by consolidated securitization entities we sponsored at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, along with other selected information, are summarized in the following table.

Asset-Backed Securities Issued

 

    September 30, 2013  

(Dollars in Thousands)

  Sequoia     Residential
Resecuritization
    Commercial
Securitization
    Total  

Certificates with principal balance

    $ 1,804,951            $ 112,179            $ 158,799        $ 2,075,929     

Interest-only certificates

    4,014            -                -                4,014     

Unamortized premium

    -                -                -                -           

Unamortized discount

    (18,278)           -                -                (18,278)    
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total ABS Issued

    $ 1,790,687            $         112,179            $         158,799        $         2,061,665     
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Range of weighted average interest rates, by series

    0.33% to 4.22%          2.21%          5.62%       

Stated maturities

    2014 - 2047          2046          2018       

Number of series

    24          1          1       

 

     December 31, 2012  

(Dollars in Thousands)

   Sequoia      Residential
Resecuritization
     Commercial
Securitization
     Total  

Certificates with principal balance

     $ 2,207,851             $ 164,746             $ 171,714             $ 2,544,311       

Interest-only certificates

     7,769             -                 -                 7,769       

Unamortized premium

     921             -                 -                 921       

Unamortized discount

     (23,060)            -                 -                 (23,060)      
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total ABS Issued

     $ 2,193,481             $       164,746             $       171,714             $       2,529,941       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Range of weighted average interest rates, by series

     0.41% to 4.16%             2.21%             5.62%          

Stated maturities

     2014 - 2047             2046             2018          

Number of series

     24             1             1          

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 12. Asset-Backed Securities Issued — (continued)

 

The actual maturity of each class of ABS issued is primarily determined by the rate of principal prepayments on the assets of the issuing entity. Each series is also subject to redemption prior to the stated maturity according to the terms of the respective governing documents of each ABS issuing entity. As a result, the actual maturity of ABS issued may occur earlier than its stated maturity. At September 30, 2013, $2.03 billion of ABS issued ($2.04 billion principal balance) had contractual maturities of over five years and $32 million of ABS issued ($32 million principal balance) had contractual maturities of one to five years. Amortization of deferred ABS issuance costs was $3 million and $2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.

The following table summarizes the accrued interest payable on ABS issued at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. Interest due on consolidated ABS issued is payable monthly.

Accrued Interest Payable on Asset-Backed Securities Issued

 

(In Thousands)

       September 30, 2013              December 31, 2012      

Sequoia

     $ 1,322             $ 2,103       

Residential Resecuritization

     27             40       

Commercial Securitization

     744             832       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Accrued Interest Payable on ABS Issued

     $                 2,093             $             2,975       
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table summarizes the carrying value components of the collateral for ABS issued and outstanding at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.

Collateral for Asset-Backed Securities Issued

 

     September 30, 2013  
            Residential      Commercial         

(In Thousands)

   Sequoia      Resecuritization      Securitization      Total  

Residential loans

     $ 1,864,653             $ -                 $ -                 $ 1,864,653       

Commercial loans

     -                 -                 269,255             269,255       

Real estate securities

     -                 275,763             -                 275,763       

Restricted cash

     159             -                 138             297       

Accrued interest receivable

     3,061             682             1,933             5,676       

REO

     4,050             -                 -                 4,050       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Collateral for ABS Issued

     $             1,871,923             $         276,445             $             271,326             $             2,419,694       
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
     December 31, 2012  

(In Thousands)

   Sequoia      Residential
Resecuritization
     Commercial
Securitization
     Total  

Residential loans

     $ 2,272,812           $ -               $ -               $ 2,272,812     

Commercial loans

     -               -               283,610           283,610     

Real estate securities

     -               324,606           -               324,606     

Restricted cash

     147           -               137           284     

Accrued interest receivable

     4,484           839           2,132           7,455     

REO

     4,245           -               -               4,245     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total Collateral for ABS Issued

     $ 2,281,688           $ 325,445           $ 285,879           $ 2,893,012     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 13. Long-Term Debt

Commercial Borrowings

At September 30, 2013, we had one commercial loan repurchase facility with an outstanding balance of $45 million and a total borrowing limit of $150 million, with a remaining maturity of 24 months. Borrowings under this facility are generally charged interest based on a specified margin over the one-month LIBOR interest rate. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, the average balance of this commercial borrowing was $33 million and $18 million, respectively. The fair value of commercial loans pledged as collateral was $72 million at September 30, 2013. The interest expense yield on this borrowing was 7.93% and 6.95% respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. There was no balance on this warehouse facility at December 31, 2012.

At September 30, 2013, we were in compliance with all of the covenants related to our commercial loan repurchase facility. Further information about the financial covenants under this facility is set forth in Part I, Item 2 – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.

Convertible Notes

In March 2013, we issued $287.5 million principal amount of 4.625% convertible senior notes due 2018. These convertible notes require semi-annual interest distributions at a fixed coupon rate of 4.625% until maturity or conversion, which will be no later than April 15, 2018. After deducting the underwriting discount and offering costs, we received approximately $279 million of net proceeds. Including amortization of deferred securities issuance costs, the interest expense yield on our convertibles notes was 5.53% and 5.49%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013. At September 30, 2013, the accrued interest payable balance on this debt was $8 million.

Our convertible senior notes are convertible at the option of the holder at a conversion rate of 41.1320 common shares per $1,000 principal amount of convertible senior notes at September 30, 2013 (equivalent to a conversion price of $24.31 per common share). Upon conversion of these convertible senior notes by a holder, the holder will receive shares our common stock.

Trust Preferred Securities and Subordinated Notes

In 2006, we issued $100 million of trust preferred securities through Redwood Capital Trust I, a Delaware statutory trust, in a private placement transaction. These trust preferred securities require quarterly distributions at a floating coupon rate equal to three-month LIBOR plus 2.25% until the securities are redeemed, which will be no later than January 30, 2037. The interest expense yield on our trust preferred securities was 2.65% and 2.83% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Including hedging costs and amortization of deferred securities issuance costs, the interest expense yield on our trust preferred securities was 6.90% and 6.87% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The earliest optional redemption date without penalty was January 30, 2012. In December 2010, we repurchased $500 thousand principal amount of these trust preferred securities.

In 2007, we issued an additional $50 million of subordinated notes. These subordinated notes require quarterly distributions at a floating interest rate equal to six-month LIBOR plus 2.25% until the notes are redeemed, which will be no later than July 30, 2037. The interest expense yield on our subordinated notes was 2.65% and 2.83% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. Including hedging costs and amortization of deferred securities issuance costs, the interest expense yield on our subordinated notes was 6.90% and 6.87% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively. The earliest optional redemption date without a penalty was July 30, 2012. In July 2009, we repurchased $10 million principal amount of this subordinated debt.

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 13. Long-Term Debt — (continued)

 

At both September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, the accrued interest payable balance on this long-term debt was less than $1 million. Under the terms of this long-term debt, we covenant, among other things, to use our best efforts to continue to qualify as a REIT. If an event of default were to occur in respect of this long-term debt, we would generally be restricted under its terms (subject to certain exceptions) from making dividend distributions to stockholders, from repurchasing common stock or repurchasing or redeeming any other then-outstanding equity securities, and from making any other payments in respect of any equity interests in us or in respect of any then-outstanding debt that is pari passu or subordinate to this long-term debt.

Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies

Lease Commitments

At September 30, 2013, we were obligated under four non-cancelable operating leases with expiration dates through 2021 for $12 million. In the second quarter of 2013, a new lease for our Denver-based operations became effective. We do not have a 2013 rent obligation for this lease due to an abatement period through the first quarter of 2014. The total rent obligation through 2020 is $2 million. During the second quarter of 2013, we also entered into an amendment to this lease to expand the original premises. We do not have a 2013 rent obligation for this amended lease due to an abatement period through the first quarter of 2014. The total rent obligation through 2021 is $2 million. Operating lease expense was less than $1 million for both the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

The following table presents our future lease commitments at September 30, 2013.

Future Lease Commitments by Year

 

(In Thousands)

   September 30, 2013  

2013 (three months)

     $ 444     

2014

     2,250     

2015

     2,302     

2016

     2,056     

2017

     2,111     

2018 and thereafter

     2,384     
  

 

 

 

Total

     $                     11,547     
  

 

 

 

Leasehold improvements for our offices are amortized into expense over the lease term. There were $200 thousand of unamortized leasehold improvements at September 30, 2013. For the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, we recognized a negligible amount of leasehold amortization.

Loss Contingencies — Litigation

On or about December 23, 2009, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Seattle (the “FHLB-Seattle”) filed a complaint in the Superior Court for the State of Washington (case number 09-2-46348-4 SEA) against Redwood Trust, Inc., our subsidiary, Sequoia Residential Funding, Inc. (“SRF”), Morgan Stanley & Co., and Morgan Stanley Capital I, Inc. (collectively, the “FHLB-Seattle Defendants”) alleging that the FHLB-Seattle Defendants made false or misleading statements in offering materials for a mortgage pass-through certificate (the “Seattle Certificate”) issued in the Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2005-4 securitization transaction (the “2005-4 RMBS”) and purchased by the FHLB-Seattle. Specifically, the complaint alleges that the alleged misstatements concern the (1) loan-to-value ratio of mortgage loans and the appraisals of the properties that secured loans supporting the 2005-4 RMBS, (2) occupancy status of the properties, (3) standards used to underwrite the loans, and (4) ratings assigned to the Seattle Certificate. The FHLB-Seattle alleges claims under the Securities Act of Washington (Section 21.20.005, et seq.) and seeks to rescind the purchase of the Seattle Certificate and to collect interest on the original purchase price at the statutory interest rate of 8% per annum from the date of original purchase

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies — (continued)

 

(net of interest received) as well as attorneys’ fees and costs. The Seattle Certificate was issued with an original principal amount of approximately $133 million, and, as of September 30, 2013, the FHLB-Seattle has received approximately $113.3 million of principal and $11.0 million of interest payments in respect of the Seattle Certificate. The claims were subsequently dismissed for lack of personal jurisdiction as to Redwood Trust and SRF. Redwood agreed to indemnify the underwriters of the 2005-4 RMBS for certain losses and expenses they might incur as a result of claims made against them relating to this RMBS, including, without limitation, certain legal expenses. The FHLB-Seattle’s claims against the underwriters of this RMBS were not dismissed and remain pending. Regardless of the outcome of this litigation, Redwood could incur a loss as a result of these indemnities.

On or about July 15, 2010, The Charles Schwab Corporation (“Schwab”) filed a complaint in the Superior Court for the State of California in San Francisco (case number CGC-10-501610) against SRF and 26 other defendants (collectively, the “Schwab Defendants”) alleging that the Schwab Defendants made false or misleading statements in offering materials for various residential mortgage-backed securities sold or issued by the Schwab Defendants. With respect to SRF, Schwab alleges that SRF made false or misleading statements in offering materials for a mortgage pass-through certificate (the “Schwab Certificate”) issued in the 2005-4 RMBS and purchased by Schwab. Specifically, the complaint alleges that the misstatements for the 2005-4 RMBS concern the (1) loan-to-value ratio of mortgage loans and the appraisals of the properties that secured loans supporting the 2005-4 RMBS, (2) occupancy status of the properties, (3) standards used to underwrite the loans, and (4) ratings assigned to the Schwab Certificate. Schwab alleges a claim for negligent misrepresentation under California state law and seeks unspecified damages and attorneys’ fees and costs. The Schwab Certificate was issued with an original principal amount of approximately $14.8 million, and, as of September 30, 2013, Schwab has received approximately $12.6 million of principal and $1.3 million of interest payments in respect of the Schwab Certificate. SRF has denied Schwab’s allegations. This case is in early stages of discovery, and no trial date has been set. We believe that this case is without merit, and we intend to defend the action vigorously. Redwood agreed to indemnify the underwriters of the 2005-4 RMBS, which underwriters are also named defendants in this action, for certain losses and expenses they might incur as a result of claims made against them relating to this RMBS, including, without limitation, certain legal expenses. Regardless of the outcome of this litigation, Redwood could incur a loss as a result of these indemnities.

On or about October 15, 2010, the Federal Home Loan Bank of Chicago (“FHLB-Chicago”) filed a complaint in the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois (case number 10-CH-45033) against SRF and more than 45 other named defendants (collectively, the “FHLB-Chicago Defendants”) alleging that the FHLB-Chicago Defendants made false or misleading statements in offering materials for various RMBS sold or issued by the FHLB-Chicago Defendants or entities controlled by them. FHLB-Chicago subsequently amended the complaint to name Redwood Trust, Inc. and another one of our subsidiaries, RWT Holdings, Inc., as defendants. With respect to Redwood Trust, Inc., RWT Holdings, Inc., and SRF, the FHLB-Chicago alleges that SRF, Redwood Trust, Inc., and RWT Holdings, Inc. made false or misleading statements in the offering materials for two mortgage pass-through certificates (the “Chicago Certificates”) issued in the Sequoia Mortgage Trust 2006-1 securitization transaction (the “2006-1 RMBS”) and purchased by the FHLB-Chicago. The complaint alleges that the alleged misstatements concern, among other things, the (1) loan-to-value ratio of mortgage loans and the appraisals of the properties that secured loans supporting the 2006-1 RMBS, (2) occupancy status of the properties, (3) standards used to underwrite the loans, (4) ratings assigned to the Chicago Certificates, and (5) due diligence performed on these mortgage loans. The FHLB-Chicago alleges claims under Illinois Securities Law (815 ILCS Sections 5/12(F)-(H)) and North Carolina Securities Law (N.C.G.S.A. §78A-8(2) & §78A-56(a)) as well as a claim for negligent misrepresentation under Illinois common law. On some of the causes of action, the FHLB-Chicago seeks to rescind the purchase of the Chicago Certificates and to collect interest on the original purchase prices at the statutory interest rate of 10% per annum from the dates of original purchase (net of interest received). On one cause of action, the FHLB-Chicago seeks unspecified damages. The FHLB-Chicago also seeks attorneys’ fees and costs. The first of the Chicago Certificates was issued with an original principal amount of approximately $105 million and, as of September 30, 2013, the FHLB Chicago has received approximately $71.5 million of principal and $24.0 million of interest payments in respect of this Chicago Certificate. The second of the Chicago Certificates was issued with an original principal amount of approximately $379 million and, as of September 30, 2013, the FHLB Chicago has received approximately $256.1 million of principal and $80.7 million of interest payments in respect of this Chicago Certificate. SRF, Redwood Trust, Inc., and RWT Holdings, Inc. have denied FHLB-Chicago’s allegations. This case is in early stages of discovery, and no trial date has been set. We believe that this case is without merit, and we intend to defend the action vigorously. Redwood agreed to indemnify the underwriters of the 2006-1 RMBS, which underwriters are also named defendants in this action, for certain losses and expenses they might incur as a result of claims made against them relating to this RMBS, including, without limitation, certain legal expenses. Regardless of the outcome of this litigation, Redwood could incur a loss as a result of these indemnities.

 

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Table of Contents

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 14. Commitments and Contingencies — (continued)

 

In accordance with GAAP, we review the need for any loss contingency reserves and establish reserves when, in the opinion of management, it is probable that a matter would result in a liability and the amount of loss, if any, can be reasonably estimated. Additionally, we record receivables for insurance recoveries relating to litigation-related losses and expenses if and when such amounts are covered by insurance and recovery of such losses or expenses are due. We have not established reserves in connection with these litigation matters, as we have not concluded that a material loss is both probable and estimable at the current stages of these matters. There are numerous factors that have contributed to this conclusion, including that: we are no longer a party to the FHLB-Seattle matter, the proceedings to which we are a party are in relatively early stages with no trial dates set, there are significant factual and legal issues to be resolved, information obtained or rulings made during the lawsuits could affect the methodology for calculation of the available remedies, our belief that these litigations are without merit, and our intent to defend these actions vigorously. In addition, with respect to claims where damages are the requested relief, no amount of loss or damages has been specified. We also may have additional rights and/or obligations pursuant to indemnity agreements, representations and warranties, and other contractual provisions with other parties relating to these litigation matters. These rights and obligations could offset or increase our potential losses. We are unable at this time to estimate the potential amount of any such offset or loss.

Although we believe the above-referenced litigation matters are without merit and we intend to defend vigorously the actions to which we are a party, in the ordinary course of any litigation matter, including certain of the above-referenced matters, we have engaged and may continue to engage in formal or informal settlement communications with the plaintiffs. While we have not engaged in any settlement communications in the above-referenced litigation matters that have caused us to determine that a material loss from these matters is probable, settlement discussions we have had relating to certain of the above-referenced matters during the third quarter of 2013 are a factor that has contributed to our concluding that we can estimate a range of reasonably possible losses with respect to the above-referenced litigation matters. Accordingly, based on developments during the course of these litigations, we estimate that the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses on the above-referenced litigation matters is between zero and $25 million. However, future developments (including resolution of substantive pre-trial motions relating to these matters, receipt of additional information and documents relating to these matters (such as through pre-trial discovery), new or additional settlement communications with plaintiffs relating to these matters, or resolutions of similar claims against other defendants in these matters) could result in our concluding in the future to establish loss contingency reserves or modify our aggregate range of reasonably possible losses with respect to these matters. Our actual losses and any loss contingency reserves we may establish in the future may be materially higher than the aggregate range of reasonably possible losses we have estimated above, including in the event that any of these matters proceed to trial and the plaintiffs prevail. We cannot be certain that any of these matters will be resolved through a settlement prior to trial and we cannot be certain that the resolution of these matters, whether through trial or settlement, will not have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations in any future period.

Note 15. Equity

The following table provides a summary of changes to accumulated other comprehensive income by component for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013.

Changes in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income by Component

 

Three Months Ended September 30, 2013

(In Thousands)

   Net unrealized gains on
available-for-sale
securities
     Net unrealized losses
on interest rate
agreements accounted
for as cash flow hedges
 

Balance at beginning of period

     $               145,349           $ (27,066)    

Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications

     (633)          4,018     

Amounts reclassified from other accumulated comprehensive income

     (6,962)          62     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income

     (7,595)                              4,080     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at End of Period

     $ 137,754           $ (22,986)     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 15. Equity — (continued)

 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2013

(In Thousands)

   Net unrealized gains on
available-for-sale
securities
     Net unrealized losses
on interest rate
agreements accounted
for as cash flow hedges
 

Balance at beginning of period

     $                 186,580           $ (48,248)    

Other comprehensive (loss) income before reclassifications

     (29,615)          25,043     

Amounts reclassified from other accumulated comprehensive income

     (19,211)          219     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net current-period other comprehensive (loss) income

     (48,826)                              25,262     
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

Balance at End of Period

     $ 137,754           $ (22,986)    
  

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following table provides a summary of reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive income for three and nine months ended September 30, 2013.

Reclassifications out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

 

     Affected line item in the
statement where net income

          is presented        
   Amount reclassified from accumulated
other comprehensive income
 

(In Thousands)

      Three Months Ended
September 30, 2013
     Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2013
 

Net realized gains (losses) on AFS securities

        

Other than temporary impairment

       Other market valuations, net      $ -               $ (124)    

Gain on sale of AFS securities

       Realized gains, net      (6,962)          (19,087)    
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        $ (6,962)          $ (19,211)    
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net realized gains on interest rate agreements designated as cash flow hedges

        

Amortization of deferred loss

       Interest expense      $                 62           $                 219     
     

 

 

    

 

 

 
        $ 62           $ 219     
     

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

September 30, 2013

(Unaudited)

 

Note 15. Equity — (continued)

 

Earnings Per Common Share

The following table provides the basic and diluted earnings per common share computations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.

Basic and Diluted Earnings Per Common Share

 

     Three Months Ended September 30,      Nine Months Ended September 30,  

(In Thousands, Except Share Data)

   2013      2012      2013      2012  

Basic Earnings Per Common Share:

           

Net income attributable to Redwood

    $ 21,929           $ 39,701           $ 148,112           $ 89,691      

Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities

     (565)           (1,104)           (4,209)           (2,631)     
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income allocated to common shareholders

    $ 21,364           $ 38,597           $ 143,903           $ 87,060      
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Basic weighted average common shares outstanding

       82,201,473              79,685,099              81,888,231              78,908,057      

Basic Earnings Per Common Share

    $ 0.26           $ 0.48           $ 1.76           $ 1.10      

Diluted Earnings Per Common Share:

           

Net income attributable to Redwood

    $ 21,929           $ 39,701           $ 148,112           $ 89,691      

Less: Dividends and undistributed earnings allocated to participating securities

     (565)           (861)           (3,030)           (2,200)     

Add back: Interest expense on convertible notes

     -                -                8,790            -         
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Net income allocated to common shareholders

    $ 21,364           $ 38,840           $ 153,872           $ 87,491      
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Weighted average common shares outstanding

     82,201,473            79,685,099            81,888,231            78,908,057      

Net effect of dilutive equity awards

     2,220,566            1,079,281