UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549



 

FORM 10-Q



 

 
x   QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended: September 30, 2009

OR

 
o   TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d)
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Transition Period from  to 

Commission File Number 1-13759



 

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

 
Maryland   68-0329422
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

 
One Belvedere Place, Suite 300
Mill Valley, California
  94941
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)   (Zip Code)

(415) 389-7373

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Not Applicable

(Former Name, Former Address and Former Fiscal Year, if Changed Since Last Report)



 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

     
Large accelerated filer o   Accelerated filer x   Non-accelerated filer o   Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 
Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share   77,676,867 shares outstanding as of November 3, 2009
 

 


 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC.
  
2009 FORM 10-Q REPORT
  
TABLE OF CONTENTS

 
  Page
PART I
 

Item 1.

Financial Statements

    1  
Consolidated Balance Sheets at September 30, 2009 (Unaudited) and December 31, 2008     1  
Consolidated Statements of Income (Loss) for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (Unaudited)     2  
Consolidated Statements of Equity and Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (Unaudited)     3  
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 (Unaudited)     4  
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements     5  

Item 2.

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of   Operations

    40  

Item 3.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

    87  

Item 4.

Controls and Procedures

    87  
PART II
 

Item 1.

Legal Proceedings

    88  

Item 1A.

Risk Factors

    88  

Item 2.

Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds

    88  

Item 3.

Defaults Upon Senior Securities

    88  

Item 4.

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

    88  

Item 5.

Other Information

    88  

Item 6.

Exhibits

    89  
Signatures     90  

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. Financial Statements

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

   
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
(Unaudited)
  September 30,
2009
  December 31,
2008
ASSETS
                 
Real estate loans   $ 3,830,821     $ 4,659,336  
Real estate securities, at fair value:
                 
Trading securities     275,356       339,654  
Available-for-sale securities     787,036       232,470  
Total real estate securities     1,062,392       572,124  
Other investments     28,786       78,244  
Cash and cash equivalents     216,771       126,480  
Total earning assets     5,138,770       5,436,184  
Restricted cash     78,354       53,608  
Accrued interest receivable     20,218       31,415  
Derivative assets     9,993       3,071  
Deferred tax asset     1,827       3,608  
Deferred asset-backed securities issuance costs     7,281       9,921  
Other assets     28,545       43,942  
Total Assets   $ 5,284,988     $ 5,581,749  
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
                 
Liabilities
                 
Short-term debt   $     $  
Accrued interest payable     7,325       29,417  
Derivative liabilities     104,174       177,590  
Accrued expenses and other liabilities     71,643       20,118  
Dividends payable     19,417       25,103  
Asset-backed securities issued – Sequoia     3,728,335       4,508,127  
Asset-backed securities issued – Acacia     287,620       346,931  
Long-term debt     140,000       150,000  
Total liabilities     4,358,514       5,257,286  
Equity
                 
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 100,000,000 and 75,000,000 authorized; 77,669,067 and 33,470,557 issued and outstanding     777       335  
Additional paid-in capital     1,672,588       1,149,393  
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)     21,175       (56,865 ) 
Cumulative earnings     325,924       266,059  
Cumulative distributions to stockholders     (1,113,358 )      (1,057,070 ) 
Total stockholders’ equity     907,106       301,852  
Noncontrolling interest     19,368       22,611  
Total equity     926,474       324,463  
Total Liabilities and Equity   $ 5,284,988     $ 5,581,749  

 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME (LOSS)

       
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
(Unaudited)
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2009   2008   2009   2008
Interest Income
                                   
Real estate loans   $ 19,574     $ 68,400     $ 84,157     $ 236,786  
Real estate securities     50,708       61,334       141,435       199,390  
Other investments     25       487       155       1,733  
Cash and cash equivalents     75       971       334       6,349  
Total interest income     70,382       131,192       226,081       444,258  
Interest Expense
                                   
Short-term debt           (65 )            (316 ) 
Asset-backed securities issued     (23,530 )      (89,926 )      (106,813 )      (309,717 ) 
Long-term debt     (1,307 )      (2,164 )      (4,618 )      (6,930 ) 
Total interest expense     (24,837 )      (92,155 )      (111,431 )      (316,963 ) 
Net Interest Income     45,545       39,037       114,650       127,295  
Provision for loan losses     (9,998 )      (18,333 )      (40,576 )      (36,452 ) 
Market valuation adjustments on trading instruments     (1,860 )      (34,352 )      (11,967 )      (115,709 ) 
Other-than-temporary impairments(1)     (9,198 )      (92,794 )      (71,470 )      (265,862 ) 
Market valuation adjustments, net     (11,058 )      (127,146 )      (83,437 )      (381,571 ) 
Net Interest Income (Loss) After Provision and Market Valuation Adjustments     24,489       (106,442 )      (9,363 )      (290,728 ) 
Operating expenses     (14,806 )      (16,851 )      (36,162 )      (47,453 ) 
Realized gains, net     17,561       (65 )      43,548       2,688  
Net income (loss) before provision for income taxes     27,244       (123,358 )      (1,977 )      (335,493 ) 
Benefit from (provision for) income taxes     247       9,860       656       7,123  
Net income (loss)     27,491       (113,498 )      (1,321 )      (328,370 ) 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interest     363       (2,194 )      (226 )      430  
Net Income (Loss) Attributable to Redwood Trust, Inc.   $ 27,128     $ (111,304 )    $ (1,095 )    $ (328,800 ) 
Basic earnings (loss) per share:   $ 0.35     $ (3.34 )    $ (0.02 )    $ (9.99 ) 
Diluted earnings (loss) per share:   $ 0.35     $ (3.34 )    $ (0.02 )    $ (9.99 ) 
Regular dividends declared per common share   $ 0.25     $ 0.75     $ 0.75     $ 2.25  
Basic weighted average shares outstanding     77,610,658       33,334,011       65,363,128       32,907,196  
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding     78,222,903       33,334,011       65,363,128       32,907,196  

(1) For the three months ended September 30, 2009, total other-than-temporary impairments were $24,761 of which $15,563 were recognized in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss).

 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

2


 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EQUITY AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009

               
               
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
(Unaudited)
    
Common Stock
  Additional
Paid-In
Capital
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Cumulative
Earnings
(Losses)
  Cumulative
Distributions
to Stockholders
  Noncontrolling
Interest
  Total
  Shares   Amount
December 31, 2008     33,470,557     $ 336     $ 1,149,392     $ (56,865 )    $ 266,059     $ (1,057,070 )    $ 22,611     $ 324,463  
Cumulative adjustment – accounting change                       (59,634 )      60,960             (1,326 )       
Net income (loss)                             (1,095 )            (226 )      (1,321 ) 
Net unrealized gain on available-for-sale securities                       96,866                   3,604       100,470  
Reclassification of other-than-temporary impairments to net income (loss)                       37,474                         37,474  
Reclassification of unrealized loss on interest rate agreements to net income (loss)                       3,334                         3,334  
Total other comprehensive income                       78,040                             
Total comprehensive income                                               139,957  
Issuance of common stock:
                                                                       
Secondary offerings     43,690,000       436       519,600                               520,036  
Dividend reinvestment & stock purchase plans     146,784       2       1,681                               1,683  
Employee option & stock purchase plan     361,999       2       (2,679 )                              (2,677 ) 
Non-cash equity award compensation                 4,599                               4,599  
Share repurchases     (273 )      1       (5 )                              (4 ) 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests, net                                         (5,295 )      (5,295 ) 
Common dividends declared                                   (56,288 )            (56,288 ) 
September 30, 2009     77,669,067     $ 777     $ 1,672,588     $ 21,175     $ 325,924     $ (1,113,358 )    $ 19,368     $ 926,474  

For the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2008

               
               
(In Thousands, Except Share Data)
(Unaudited)
    
Common Stock
  Additional
Paid-In
Capital
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
  Cumulative
Earnings
(Losses)
  Cumulative
Distributions
to Stockholders
  Noncontrolling
Interest
  Total
  Shares   Amount
December 31, 2007     32,385,073     $ 324     $ 1,108,148     $ (573,766 )    $ (299,626 )    $ (953,359 )    $     $ (718,279 ) 
Cumulative adjustment – accounting change                       458,207       1,010,071                   1,468,278  
January 1, 2008     32,385,073       324       1,108,148       (115,559 )      710,445       (953,359 )            749,999  
Net income (loss)                             (328,800 )            430       (328,370 ) 
Net unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities                       (92,241 )                  (3,228 )      (95,469 ) 
Reclassification of other-than-temporary impairments to net income (loss)                       123,536                         123,536  
Reclassification of unrealized loss on interest rate agreements to net income (loss)                       3,752                         3,752  
Total other comprehensive income                       35,047                             
Total comprehensive loss                                               (296,551 ) 
Issuance of common stock:
                                                                       
Dividend reinvestment & stock purchase plans     1,059,090       13       31,593                               31,606  
Employee option & stock purchase plan     135,169             1,023                               1,023  
Non-cash equity award compensation                 10,211                               10,211  
Share repurchases     (341,656 )      (3 )      (6,179 )                              (6,182 ) 
Contributions from noncontrolling interests, net                                         34,659       34,659  
Common dividends declared                                   (77,787 )            (77,787 ) 
September 30, 2008     33,237,676     $ 334     $ 1,144,796     $ (80,512 )    $ 381,645     $ (1,031,146 )    $ 31,861     $ 446,978  

 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

   
(In Thousands)
(Unaudited)
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
  2009   2008
Cash Flows From Operating Activities:
                 
Net (loss) income   $ (1,095 )    $ (328,800 ) 
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities:
                 
Amortization of premiums, discounts, and debt issuance costs, net     (1,940 )      (9,419 ) 
Depreciation and amortization of non-financial assets     913       882  
Provision for loan losses     40,576       36,452  
Non-cash equity award compensation     4,599       10,211  
Market valuation adjustments, net     83,437       381,571  
Realized gains, net     (43,548 )      (2,688 ) 
Net change in:
                 
Accrued interest receivable     12,102       19,622  
Deferred tax asset     1,781       1,282  
Other assets     31,498       14,633  
Accrued interest payable     (11,816 )      (15,917 ) 
Accrued expenses and other liabilities     51,525       (5,054 ) 
Net cash provided by operating activities     168,032       102,775  
Cash Flows From Investing Activities:
                 
Principal payments on real estate loans held-for-investment     311,410       1,008,765  
Purchases of real estate securities available-for-sale     (678,952 )      (257,668 ) 
Proceeds from sales of real estate securities available-for-sale     127,377       7,300  
Principal payments on real estate securities available-for-sale     99,832       60,100  
Purchases of real estate securities trading     (5,755 )      (3,341 ) 
Proceeds from sales of real estate securities trading     4,256       7,771  
Principal payments on real estate securities trading     72,114       137,181  
Principal payments on other investments     25,433       650  
Net (increase) decrease in restricted cash     (24,746 )      55,415  
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities     (69,031 )      1,016,173  
Cash Flows From Financing Activities:
                 
Net repayments on short-term debt           (659 ) 
Repayments on asset-backed securities     (413,495 )      (1,206,387 ) 
Repurchase of long-term debt     (3,455 )       
Net settlements of interest rate agreements     (43,302 )      (9,870 ) 
Net proceeds from issuance of common stock     519,042       32,629  
Common stock repurchases     (4 )      (6,182 ) 
Dividends paid     (61,975 )      (76,890 ) 
Change in noncontrolling interests     (5,521 )      35,089  
Net cash used in financing activities     (8,710 )      (1,232,270 ) 
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents     90,291       (113,322 ) 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period     126,480       290,363  
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period   $ 216,771     $ 177,041  
Supplemental Disclosures:
                 
Cash paid for interest   $ 133,523     $ 338,997  
Cash (received) paid for taxes   $ (3,452 )    $ (1,331 ) 
Dividends declared but not paid at end of period   $ 19,417     $ 25,184  

 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 1. Redwood Trust

Redwood Trust, Inc., together with its subsidiaries (Redwood, we, or us), invests in, finances, and manages real estate assets. We invest in residential and commercial real estate loans and in asset-backed securities backed by real estate loans. We seek to invest in assets that have the potential to generate sufficient long-term cash flow returns to support our goal of distributing an attractive level of dividends per share to shareholders over time. For tax purposes, we are structured as a real estate investment trust (REIT).

Redwood was incorporated in the State of Maryland on April 11, 1994, and commenced operations on August 19, 1994. Our executive offices are located at One Belvedere Place, Suite 300, Mill Valley, California 94941.

Note 2. Basis of Presentation

The consolidated financial statements presented herein are at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008. These consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) in the United States for interim financial information and with the Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC) instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, may not necessarily be indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2009. These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with our audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008. All amounts presented herein, except per share data, are shown in thousands.

In the third quarter of 2009, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 168, The FASB Accounting Standards Codification and the Hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles — a replacement of FASB Statement No. 162 (FAS 168), which establishes the Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) as the single source of authoritative GAAP in the United States. As a result of this adoption, we generally do not reference specific accounting standards herein.

Organization

Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Redwood, its direct and indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries, and other entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated. A number of Redwood’s consolidated subsidiaries are qualifying REIT subsidiaries and the remainder are taxable subsidiaries. References to the Redwood REIT include Redwood and its qualifying REIT subsidiaries, excluding taxable subsidiaries.

We are the asset manager and an investor in the Redwood Opportunity Fund LP (the Fund) that we sponsor. The Fund primarily invests in mortgage-backed securities. We also sponsor two securitization programs. Our Sequoia program is used for the securitization of residential mortgage loans. References to Sequoia refer collectively to all the consolidated Sequoia securitization entities. Our Acacia program is used for the securitization of mortgage-backed securities and other types of financial assets. References to Acacia refer collectively to all the consolidated Acacia securitization entities.

Principles of Consolidation

We apply the principles established by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) to determine whether we must consolidate any entities where we have continuing involvement. We do not service any assets, including assets owned at the Fund, Sequoia, or Acacia.

We consolidate the assets, liabilities, and noncontrolling interests of the Fund that we sponsor, as we are the primary beneficiary of this entity. The primary beneficiary is the party that absorbs the majority of a variable interest entity’s (VIEs) anticipated losses and/or the majority of the expected returns. Our significant limited partnership interest and ongoing asset management responsibilities constitute this majority.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 2. Basis of Presentation  – (continued)

We consolidate most of the assets and liabilities of the Sequoia and Acacia securitization entities that we sponsor that were not accounted for as sales. These entities did not meet the criteria for sale accounting under GAAP at the time we transferred financial assets to them. Our continuing involvement includes our retention of junior interests and call rights and certain ongoing management responsibilities or other discretionary activities. For financial reporting purposes, the underlying loans and securities owned at Sequoia and Acacia entities are shown on our consolidated balance sheets under real estate loans and real estate securities and the asset-back securities (ABS) issued to third parties are shown under ABS issued. In our consolidated statements of income (loss), we record interest income on the loans and securities owned by Sequoia and Acacia and interest expense on the ABS issued by these consolidated securitization entities.

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Use of Estimates

The preparation of financial statements requires us to make a number of significant estimates. These include estimates of fair value of certain assets and liabilities, amount and timing of credit losses, prepayment rates, and other estimates that affect the reported amounts of certain assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of certain revenues and expenses during the reported period. It is likely that changes in these estimates (e.g., valuation changes due to supply and demand, credit performance, prepayments, interest rates, or other reasons) will occur in the near term. Our estimates are inherently subjective in nature and actual results could differ from our estimates and the differences could be material.

Fair Value Option

We have the option to measure eligible financial assets, financial liabilities, and commitments at fair value on an instrument-by-instrument basis. This option is available when we first recognize a financial asset or financial liability or enter into a firm commitment. Subsequent changes in the fair value of assets, liabilities, and commitments where we have elected the fair value option are recorded in the consolidated statements of income (loss).

Our decision to apply the fair value option for new financial instruments is generally based upon our funding strategy for the specific financial asset acquired. For example, securities that we anticipate funding with equity will generally be accounted for as available-for-sale (AFS) securities. Securities that we anticipate funding with a combination of debt and equity or those financed through the issuance of asset-backed liabilities will generally be measured using the fair value option along with the corresponding liabilities. Additionally, we may elect the fair value option for nontraditional real estate investments or for a variety of other reasons.

See Note 4 for further discussion on the fair value option.

Fair Value Measurements

Our financial statements include assets and liabilities that are measured at their estimated fair values in accordance with GAAP. A fair value measurement represents the price at which an orderly transaction would occur between willing market participants at the measurement date. We develop fair values for financial assets or liabilities based on available inputs and pricing that is observed in the marketplace. Examples of market information that we attempt to obtain include the following:

Quoted prices for the same or similar securities;
Relevant reports issued by analysts and rating agencies;

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

The current level of interest rates and any directional movements in relevant indices, such as credit risk indices;
Information about the performance of the underlying mortgage loans, such as delinquency and foreclosure rates, loss experience, and prepayment rates;
Indicative prices or yields from broker/dealers; and,
Other relevant observable inputs, including nonperformance risk and liquidity premiums.

After considering all available indications of the appropriate rate of return that market participants would require, we consider the reasonableness of the range indicated by the results to determine an estimate that is most representative of fair value.

The markets for many of the real estate securities that we invest in and issue are generally illiquid. Establishing fair values for illiquid assets and liabilities is inherently subjective and is often dependent upon our estimates and modeling assumptions. If we determine that either the volume and/or level of trading activity for an asset or liability has significantly decreased from normal market conditions, or price quotations or observable inputs are not associated with orderly transactions, the market inputs that we obtain might not be relevant. For example, broker or pricing service quotes might not be relevant if an active market does not exist for the financial asset or liability. The nature of the quote (for example, whether the quote is an indicative price or a binding offer) is also evaluated.

In circumstances where relevant market inputs cannot be obtained, increased analysis and management judgment are required to estimate fair value. This generally requires us to establish the use of our internal assumptions about future cash flows and appropriate risk-adjusted discount rates. Regardless of the valuation inputs we apply, the objective of fair value measurement is unchanged from what it would be if markets were operating at normal activity levels and/or transactions were orderly; that is, to determine the current exit price.

See Note 5 for further discussion on fair value measurements.

Real Estate Loans

Residential and Commercial Real Estate Loans — Fair Value

Residential and commercial real estate loans at fair value are loans where we have elected the fair value option. The fair value option was elected on January 1, 2008, for all the loans owned by Acacia securitization entities as of that date. Coupon interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due. Changes in fair value are recurring and are reported through our consolidated statements of income (loss) in market valuation adjustments, net.

Residential and Commercial Real Estate Loans — Held-for-Sale

Residential and commercial real estate loans held-for-sale are loans that we are marketing for sale to third parties. These loans are carried at the lower of their cost or fair value, as measured on an individual basis. If the fair value of a loan held-for-sale is lower than its amortized cost basis, this difference is reported as a negative market valuation adjustment through our consolidated statements of income (loss). Coupon interest for loans held-for-sale is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due. Gains or losses on the sale of real estate loans are based on the specific identification method.

Residential and Commercial Real Estate Loans — Held-for-Investment

Real estate loans held-for-investment include residential real estate loans owned and securitized at Sequoia entities and commercial real estate loans owned at Redwood. These loans are carried at their unpaid principal balances adjusted for net unamortized premiums or discounts and net of any allowance for loan

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

losses. Coupon interest is recognized as revenue when earned and deemed collectible or until a loan becomes more than 90 days past due. Interest previously accrued for loans that have become greater than 90 days past due is reserved for in the allowance for loan losses. Cash principal and interest that is advanced from servicers subsequent to a loan becoming greater than 90 days past due is used to reduce the outstanding loan principal balance.

We use the interest method to determine an effective yield to amortize the premium or discount on real estate loans held-for-investment. For residential loans acquired prior to July 1, 2004, we use coupon interest rates as they change over time and anticipated principal payments to determine periodic amortization. For residential loans acquired after July 1, 2004, we use the initial coupon interest rate of the loans (without regard to future changes in the underlying indices) and anticipated principal payments to determine periodic amortization.

We reclassify loans held-for-investment to loans held-for-sale if we determine that these loans will be sold to third parties. This may occur, for example, if we exercise our right to call ABS issued by a Sequoia securitization trust and decide to subsequently sell the underlying loans to third parties.

Real Estate Loans — Allowance for Loan Losses

For real estate loans classified as held-for-investment, we establish and maintain an allowance for loan losses based on our estimate of credit losses inherent in our loan portfolios at the reporting date. To calculate the allowance for loan losses, we assess inherent losses by determining loss factors (defaults, the timing of defaults, and loss severities upon defaults) that can be specifically applied to each of the consolidated loans or pool of loans.

We consider the following factors in making such determinations:

Ongoing analyses of loans, including, but not limited to, the age of loans, underwriting standards, business climate, economic conditions, and other observable data;
Historical loss rates and past performance of similar loans;
Relevant environmental factors;
Relevant market research and publicly available third-party reference loss rates;
Trends in delinquencies and charge-offs;
Effects and changes in credit concentrations;
Information supporting a borrower’s ability to meet obligations;
Ongoing evaluations of fair values of collateral using current appraisals and other valuations; and,
Discounted cash flow analyses.

Once we determine the amount of defaults, the timing of the defaults, and severity of losses upon the defaults, we estimate expected losses for each individual loan or pool of loans over its expected life. We then estimate the timing of these losses and the losses probable to occur over an appropriate loss confirmation period. This period is defined as the range of time between the occurrence of a credit loss (such as the initial deterioration of the borrower’s financial condition) and the confirmation of that loss (the actual impairment or charge-off of the loan). The losses expected to occur within the estimated loss confirmation period are the basis of our allowance for loan losses, since we believe these losses exist as of the reported date of the financial statements. We re-evaluate the adequacy of our allowance for loan losses on at least a quarterly basis.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

As part of the loss mitigation efforts undertaken by servicers of residential loans owned by Sequoia securitization entities, a growing number of loan modifications have been completed to help make mortgage loans more affordable for certain borrowers. Loan modifications may include, but are not limited to: (i) conversion of a floating rate mortgage loan into a fixed rate mortgage loan; (ii) reduction in the contractual interest rate of a mortgage loan; (iii) forgiveness of a portion of the contractual interest and/or principal amounts owed on a mortgage loan; and, (iv) extension of the contractual maturity of a mortgage loan. We evaluate all loan modifications performed by servicers to determine if they constitute troubled debt restructurings according to GAAP. If a loan is determined to be a troubled debt restructuring, it is removed from the general loan pools used for calculating allowances for loan losses and assessed for impairment on an individual basis based upon any adverse change in the expected future cash flows resulting from the modification. This difference is recorded to the provision for loan losses in the consolidated statements of income (loss).

See Note 7 for further discussion on the allowance for loan losses.

We do not currently maintain a loan repurchase reserve, as we do not originate real estate loans and we believe that any risk of loss due to loan repurchases (i.e., due to breach of representations and warranties) would be a contingency to the companies from whom we acquired the loans and therefore would be covered by our recourse to those companies. Management is not aware of any outstanding repurchase claims against Redwood.

Real Estate Securities, at Fair Value

Trading Securities

Trading securities include residential, commercial, and collateralized debt obligation (CDO) securities. Trading securities are carried at their estimated fair values. Coupon interest is recognized as interest income when earned and deemed collectible. All changes in fair value are reported through our consolidated statements of income (loss) in market valuation adjustments, net.

We primarily denote trading securities as those securities where we have adopted the fair value option. We currently account for certain securities at Redwood and all securities at Acacia entities as trading securities.

Available-for-Sale Securities

AFS securities include certain residential, commercial, and CDO securities. AFS securities are carried at their estimated fair values with cumulative unrealized gains and losses reported as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) in our consolidated statements of equity. Coupon interest is recognized as interest income when earned and deemed collectible, and the interest method is used to determine an effective yield to amortize purchase premiums, discounts, and fees associated with these securities into income over time. This requires us to project cash flows over the remaining life of each security and make assumptions with regards to interest rates, prepayment rates, the timing and amount of credit losses, and other factors. We review our cash flow projections on an ongoing basis and monitor these projections based on input and analyses received from external sources, internal models, and our own judgment and experience.

For an AFS security where the security’s fair value has declined below its amortized cost basis, we evaluate the security for either temporary or other-than-temporary impairment (OTTI). This evaluation requires us to assess changes in our cash flow valuation assumptions for the security. We also consider whether there has been a significant adverse change in the regulatory and/or economic environment as part of this analysis. If we determine that there has been no significant adverse change in our cash flow assumptions for the security, then any impairment is deemed temporary in nature and the associated difference between the

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

security’s fair value and amortized cost basis is recorded as an unrealized loss through accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), a component of stockholders’ equity. If we determine that there has been a significant adverse change in our cash flow assumptions for the security, then an OTTI exists.

We evaluate impairments in accordance with authoritative GAAP guidance that we adopted during the second quarter of 2009. According to this guidance, for a security where an impairment exists and we either intend to sell the impaired security, will more likely than not be required to the sell the impaired security before it recovers in value, or do not expect to recover the impaired security’s amortized cost basis even if we do not intend to sell the security, we record the difference between the security’s fair value and its amortized cost in our consolidated statements of income (loss) as the impairment is deemed as OTTI. For a security where an impairment exists, but for which we do not intend to sell the security and it is more likely than not that we will not be required to sell it prior to recovery, we analyze the expected cash flows, or cost recovery, of the security. If an OTTI exists, we discount the security’s cash flows to a present value using the prior period yield for the security to determine an “expected recoverable value.” The difference between this expected recoverable value and the amortized cost basis is deemed to be the “credit” component of OTTI that is recorded in our consolidated statements of income (loss). The amortized cost of the security is then adjusted to the expected recoverable value, and the difference between the expected recoverable value and fair value is deemed to be the “non-credit” component of OTTI that is recorded to accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). Future amortization and accretion for the security is computed based upon its new amortized cost basis.

In the second quarter of 2009, as part of our adoption of this new guidance, we evaluated $450 million of previously recorded OTTI on securities still held at April 1, 2009. We determined that $224 million of these OTTI related to securities where we either had the intent to sell or the OTTI did not include a non-credit component. The remaining $226 million of these OTTI related to securities that included a $165 million aggregate credit component and a $61 million aggregate non-credit component. In accordance with the guidance, we recorded a $61 million one-time cumulative-effect adjustment, net of any related tax effects, to reclassify the non-credit component of these OTTI previously recorded through our consolidated statements of income (loss), as was prescribed under previous GAAP. This reclassification increased retained earnings and decreased other comprehensive income (OCI), resulting in zero net impact to our reported stockholders’ equity.

See Note 8 for further discussion on real estate securities and cumulative effect adjustment.

Other Investments

Other investments include a guaranteed investment contract (GIC) entered into by an Acacia securitization entity that we consolidate for financial statement purposes. We elected the fair value option for this investment on January 1, 2008, and it is recorded on our consolidated balance sheets at its estimated fair value. Changes in fair value are reported through our consolidated statements of income (loss) through market valuation adjustments, net. Interest income is reported through our consolidated statements of income (loss) through interest income, other investments.

See Note 9 for further discussion on other investments.

Cash and Cash Equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents include non-restricted cash and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. At September 30, 2009, we did not have any significant concentrations of credit risk arising from cash deposits as all of our cash and cash equivalents were invested in U.S. Government Treasury Bills or FDIC-insured bank products.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

Restricted Cash

Restricted cash primarily includes principal and interest payments that are collateral for, or payable to, owners of ABS issued consolidated securitization entities, and cash pledged as collateral on interest rate agreements. Restricted cash may also include cash retained in Acacia or Sequoia securitization entities or in the Fund prior to the purchase of loans or securities, payments on or redemption of outstanding ABS issued, or distributions to limited partners.

Accrued Interest Receivable

Accrued interest receivable represents interest that is due and payable to us. Cash interest is generally received within thirty days of recording the receivable. For financial assets where we have elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest on these assets is measured at fair value. For financial assets where we have not elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest carrying values approximate fair values.

Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative financial instruments include contractual interest rate agreements and credit default swaps. All derivative financial instruments are reported at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets, in accordance with derivative accounting guidance. Derivatives with a positive value to us are reported as an asset and derivatives with a negative value to us are reported as a liability. The changes in fair value of derivatives accounted for as trading instruments are reported in the consolidated statements of income (loss) through market valuation adjustments, net.

Interest Rate Agreements

We maintain an overall interest rate risk management strategy that incorporates the use of interest rate agreements. We enter into interest rate agreements for a variety of reasons, including minimizing significant fluctuations in earnings or market values on certain assets or liabilities that may be caused by interest rate volatility. Interest rate agreements that we use as part of our interest rate risk management strategy may include interest rate options, swaps, options on swaps, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and options on forward purchases.

Prior to 2008, we accounted for derivatives used to hedge interest rate exposure in Acacia securitization entities as cash flow hedges. At January 1, 2008, all of our consolidated derivatives designated as cash flow hedges were de-designated and accounted for as trading instruments. To the extent the associated hedged items continue to exist, the fair value of cash flow hedges at the time of de-designation remains in accumulated other comprehensive income and is amortized using the straight-line method through interest expense over the remaining lives of the hedged Acacia ABS issued. Net purchases and proceeds from interest rate agreements are classified as financing activities within our consolidated statements of cash flows.

Credit Derivatives

A credit default swap (CDS) is an agreement to provide (receive) credit event protection based on a financial index or specific security in exchange for receiving (paying) a fixed-rate fee or premium over the term of the contract. These instruments enable us to synthetically assume the credit risk of a reference security or index of securities. All of our existing CDS contracts were initiated during 2007 by one of the Acacia entities that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes. Net purchases and proceeds from CDS are classified as financing activities within our consolidated statements of cash flows.

See Note 10 for further discussion on derivative financial instruments.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

Deferred Tax Assets

Income recognition for GAAP and tax differ in material respects. These differences often reflect differing accounting treatments for tax and GAAP, such as accounting for discount and premium amortization, credit losses, equity awards, asset impairments, and certain valuation estimates. As a result of these differences, we may recognize taxable income in periods prior to when we recognize income for GAAP. When this occurs, we pay the tax liability and establish a deferred tax asset and an associated deferred tax benefit for GAAP. As the income is subsequently realized in future periods under GAAP, the deferred tax asset is recognized as an expense. Our deferred tax assets are generated by differences in GAAP and taxable income at our taxable subsidiaries.

Deferred Asset-Backed Securities Issuance Costs

ABS issuance costs are costs associated with the issuance of ABS from the Sequoia securitization entities we sponsor. These costs typically include underwriting, rating agency, legal, accounting, and other fees. ABS issuance costs associated with liabilities accounted for under the fair value option are expensed as incurred. ABS issuance costs associated with liabilities reported at cost are deferred. Deferred ABS issuance costs are reported on our consolidated balance sheets as deferred charges and are amortized as an adjustment to interest expense using the interest method, based upon the actual and estimated repayment schedules of the related ABS issued under the principle guidance for interest on receivables and payables. Sequoia deferred ABS issuance costs are accounted for in accordance with this guidance.

As of January 1, 2008, deferred issuance costs associated with Acacia securitizations were included as part of our adoption of the fair value option for assets and liabilities at Acacia. As a result, these deferred costs were charged to retained earnings as a part of a one-time cumulative effect adjustment on January 1, 2008.

Other Assets

Other assets on our consolidated balance sheets include real estate owned (REO), fixed assets, principal receivable, and other prepaid expenses. REO is reported at the lower of cost or fair value. Subsequent declines in the value of an REO property are recorded in our consolidated statements of income (loss) as a component of market valuation adjustments, net. All other assets are reported at cost.

See Note 11 for further discussion on other assets.

Short-Term Debt

Short-term debt can include master repurchase agreements, bank borrowings, and other forms of collateralized borrowings with various commercial banks and investment banks that expire within one year. These facilities may be unsecured or collateralized by loans or securities. Since November 2008 we have had no short-term debt outstanding.

Accrued Interest Payable

Accrued interest payable represents interest that is due and payable to third parties. Interest is generally paid within thirty days to three months of recording the payable, based upon our remittance requirements. For borrowings where we have elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest on these liabilities is measured at fair value. For financial liabilities where we have not elected the fair value option, the associated accrued interest carrying values approximate fair values.

Asset Backed Securities Issued — Sequoia and Acacia

The majority of the liabilities reported on our consolidated balance sheets represent ABS issued by bankruptcy-remote securitization entities sponsored by Redwood.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

Sequoia and Acacia assets are held in the custody of trustees. These trustees collect principal and interest payments (less servicing and related fees) from the assets and make corresponding principal and interest payments to the ABS investors. ABS obligations are payable solely from the assets of these entities and are not obligations of Redwood.

Sequoia ABS Issued

Sequoia ABS issued are carried at their unpaid principal balances net of any unamortized discount or premium.

Acacia ABS Issued

Effective January 1, 2008, Acacia ABS issued are accounted for under the fair value option and carried at their estimated fair values on our consolidated balance sheets. Changes in fair value (gains or losses) are reported in our consolidated statements of income (loss) through market valuation adjustments, net. Prior to January 1, 2008, Acacia ABS issued were accounted for under the same method as Sequoia ABS issued.

See Note 12 for further discussion on ABS issued.

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt includes trust preferred securities and subordinated notes at Redwood and is carried at its unpaid principal balance. Both are unsecured debt, requiring quarterly interest payments at a floating rate equal to the three-month London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a margin until they are redeemed in whole or mature at a future date.

See Note 13 for further discussion on long-term debt.

Equity

Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Basic earnings (loss) per share (EPS) is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income (loss) by the weighted average number of common shares and potential common shares outstanding during the period. Potential common shares outstanding are calculated using the treasury stock method, which assumes that all dilutive common stock equivalents are exercised and the funds generated by the exercises are used to buy back outstanding common stock at the average market price of the common stock during the reporting period. In accordance with earnings per share guidance, if there is a loss from continuing operations, the common stock equivalents are deemed antidilutive and diluted income (loss) per share is calculated in the same manner as basic income (loss) per share.

On January 1, 2009, authoritative GAAP was updated to state that unvested share-based payment awards that contain nonforfeitable rights to dividends or dividend equivalents are “participating securities” and therefore should be included in computing EPS using the two-class method. Our adoption of this guidance required us to recast previously reported EPS and did not have a significant impact on EPS.

Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)

Net unrealized gains and losses on real estate securities available-for-sale and interest rate agreements previously designated as cash flow hedges under derivative accounting literature are reported as components of other comprehensive income (loss) on our consolidated statements of equity and comprehensive income (loss). Net unrealized gains and losses on securities and interest rate agreements held by our taxable subsidiaries that are reported in other comprehensive income (loss) are adjusted for the effects of taxation and may create deferred tax assets or liabilities.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

Noncontrolling Interest

Noncontrolling interest represents the aggregate limited partnership interests in the Fund held by third parties. In accordance with FASB noncontrolling interest guidance, the noncontrolling interest of the Fund is shown as a component of equity on our consolidated balance sheets, and the portion of income allocable to third parties is shown as net income attributable to noncontrolling interest in our consolidated statements of income (loss). A reconciliation of equity attributable to noncontrolling interest is disclosed in our consolidated statements of equity and comprehensive income (loss).

Equity Compensation Plans

Incentive Plan

In March 2008, we amended our previously amended 2002 Redwood Trust, Inc. Incentive Plan (Incentive Plan) for executive officers, employees, and non-employee directors. This amendment was approved by our shareholders in May 2008. The Incentive Plan authorizes our Board of Directors (or a committee appointed by our Board of Directors) to grant incentive stock options (ISOs), non-qualifying stock options (NQSOs), deferred stock units (DSUs), restricted stock, performance shares, performance units (including cash), stock appreciation rights, limited stock appreciation rights (awards), and dividend equivalent rights (DERs) to eligible recipients other than non-employee directors. These awards generally vest over a four-year period. Non-employee directors are also provided annual awards under the Incentive Plan that generally vest immediately.

The cost of equity awards is determined in accordance with share-based payment accounting guidance and amortized over the vesting term using an accelerated method for equity awards granted prior to December 1, 2008. For equity awards granted after December 1, 2008, the cost of the awards is amortized over the vesting period on a straight-line basis. Timing differences between the accelerated and straight-line method of amortization were determined to not be material to our financial statements.

Employee Stock Purchase Plan

In May 2002, our stockholders approved our 2002 Redwood Trust, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), effective July 1, 2002. The purpose of the ESPP is to give our employees an opportunity to acquire an equity interest in Redwood through the purchase of shares of common stock at a discount. The ESPP allows eligible employees to purchase common stock at 85% of its fair value, subject to certain limits. Fair value as defined under the ESPP is the lesser of the closing market price of the common stock on the first day of the calendar year or the first day of the calendar quarter. This plan was amended by our stockholders in May 2009 to increase the number of available shares.

Executive Deferred Compensation Plan

In May 2002, our Board of Directors approved our 2002 Executive Deferred Compensation Plan (EDCP). The EDCP allows eligible employees and directors to defer portions of current salary and certain other forms of compensation. Redwood matches some deferrals. Compensation deferred under the EDCP is an asset of Redwood and subject to the claims of the general creditors of Redwood. The EDCP allows for the investment of deferrals in either an interest crediting account or DSUs.

See Note 16 for further discussion on equity compensation plans.

Taxes

We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code and the corresponding provisions of state law. To qualify as a REIT we must distribute at least 90% of our annual REIT taxable income to shareholders (not including taxable income retained in our taxable subsidiaries) within the time

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

frame set forth in the tax code and also meet certain other requirements. Beginning in 2003, we elected to retain up to 10% of our REIT ordinary taxable income and had provisioned for corporate income taxes on the retained income while maintaining our REIT status. In August 2008, our Board of Directors decided to distribute as dividends 100% of our REIT taxable income generated in 2007 and 2008 and our tax provisions changed accordingly.

We assess our tax positions for all open tax years and determine whether we have any material unrecognized liabilities in accordance with FASB guidance on accounting for uncertainty in income taxes. We record these liabilities to the extent we deem them incurred. We classify interest and penalties on material uncertain tax positions as interest expense and operating expense, respectively, in our consolidated statements of income (loss).

See Note 18 for further discussion on taxes.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 166, Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets — an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140 (FAS 166). FAS 166 requires more information about transfers of financial assets, including securitization transactions, and where companies have continuing exposure to the risks related to transferred financial assets. It eliminates the concept of a “qualifying special-purpose entity,” changes the requirements for derecognizing financial assets, and requires additional disclosures. Specifically, FAS 166 (1) requires that all arrangements made in connection with a transfer of financial assets be considered in the derecognition analysis, (2) clarifies when a transferred asset is considered legally isolated from the transferor, (3) modifies the requirements related to a transferee’s ability to freely pledge or exchange transferred financial assets, and (4) provides guidance on when a portion of a financial asset can be derecognized. FAS 166 enhances information reported to users of financial statements by providing greater transparency about transfers of financial assets and a company’s continuing involvement in transferred financial assets. FAS 166 is effective for financial asset transfers occurring after the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2009. Early adoption is prohibited. We are currently evaluating the impact of FAS 166 and have not yet determined the impact of adopting this principle. Considering our past transfers of financial assets to securitization entities (i.e., Sequoia and Acacia) through application of previously issued guidance, changes to the consolidation criteria prescribed by FAS 166 for similar transfers could have a significant impact on our reported results in the future.

In June 2009, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 167, Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R), (FAS 167), which amends the consolidation guidance that applies to VIEs. The amendment changes how a company determines when an entity that is insufficiently capitalized or is not controlled through voting (or similar rights) should be consolidated. The determination of whether a company is required to consolidate an entity is based on, among other things, an entity’s purpose and design and a company’s ability to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance. Accordingly, an enterprise will need to carefully reconsider its previous conclusions of VIE consolidation, including (1) whether an entity is a VIE, (2) whether the enterprise is the VIE’s primary beneficiary, and (3) what type of financial statement disclosures are required. FAS 167 will require a company to provide additional disclosures about its involvement with variable interest entities and any significant changes in risk exposure due to that involvement. A company will be required to disclose how its involvement with a variable interest entity affects the company’s financial statements. FAS 167 is effective as of the beginning of the first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2009. Early adoption is prohibited. We are currently evaluating the impact of FAS 167 and have not yet determined the impact of adopting this principle. Given our previous reliance on qualifying special purpose entity (QSPE) designations for third party securitization trusts for which we have invested in, the required reconsideration of our variable interests in

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 3. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

those trusts as of January 1, 2010, could have a significant impact on our financial statements. For example, we may determine that we are the primary beneficiary of securitization trusts that we had considered QSPEs in the past and would therefore be required to consolidate those VIEs for financial reporting purposes beginning in 2010.

In August 2009, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2009-05, Measuring Liabilities at Fair Value, to clarify how entities should estimate the fair value of liabilities under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures. The ASU clarifies that the quoted price for the identical liability, when traded as an asset in an active market, is also a Level 1 measurement for that liability when no adjustment to the quoted price is required. In the absence of a Level 1 measurement, an entity must use one or more of the following valuation techniques to estimate fair value (in a manner consistent with the principles in ASC 820), which can be classified into two broad categories: (1) a valuation technique that uses a quoted price (a quoted price of an identical liability when traded as an asset, or a quoted price of a similar liability or of a similar liability when traded as an asset) or (2) another valuation technique consistent with the principles of ASC 820 (a market approach or an income approach). The new guidance is effective for the first interim or annual reporting period beginning after August 28, 2009. As this guidance is consistent with the methodology we use to price liabilities, adoption will not have an effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Note 4. Fair Value Option

On January 1, 2008, we elected to apply the fair value option provided under GAAP for the assets (loans, securities, and unamortized deferred ABS issuance costs) and liabilities (ABS issued) of our consolidated Acacia securitization entities. We also elected the fair value option for certain securities at Redwood that we anticipated potentially selling or securitizing in the future. The election of the fair value option resulted in a $1.5 billion cumulative effect transition adjustment at January 1, 2008. There was no deferred tax impact associated with the adoption since the net unrealized losses in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) that were reclassified to retained earnings were generated at the REIT, which distributes predominantly all of its taxable income.

As of September 30, 2009, the loans at Acacia had an aggregate fair value of $6 million and an unpaid principal balance of $26 million, the securities had an aggregate fair value of $270 million and an unpaid principal balance of $2.5 billion, and asset-backed securities issued at Acacia had an aggregate fair value of $288 million and an unpaid principal balance of $3.0 billion.

We elected the fair value option for certain ABS issued by Sequoia and acquired by Acacia as a result of the deconsolidation of certain Sequoia entities during the fourth quarter of 2008 and second quarter of 2009. These ABS issued had been previously eliminated as intercompany assets for financial reporting purposes. During the third quarter of 2009, we elected the fair value option for $2 million of residential senior securities.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments

The following table presents the carrying values and estimated fair values of assets and liabilities that are required to be recorded or disclosed at fair value as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.

       
  September 30, 2009   December 31, 2008
(In Thousands)   Carrying
Value
  Fair Value   Carrying
Value
  Fair Value
Assets
                                   
Real estate loans (held-for-investment)   $ 3,822,507     $ 2,936,489     $ 4,644,735     $ 2,618,323  
Real estate loans (held-for-sale)     2,299       2,299       2,624       2,624  
Real estate loans (fair value)     6,015       6,015       11,977       11,977  
Trading securities     275,356       275,356       339,654       339,654  
Available-for-sale securities     787,036       787,036       232,470       232,470  
Other investments     28,786       28,786       78,244       78,244  
Cash and equivalents     216,771       216,771       126,480       126,480  
Restricted cash     78,354       78,354       53,608       53,608  
Accrued interest receivable     20,218       20,218       31,415       31,415  
Derivative assets     9,993       9,993       3,071       3,071  
REO (included in other assets)     15,664       15,664       19,264       19,264  
Liabilities
                                   
Short-term debt                        
Accrued interest payable     7,325       7,325       29,417       29,417  
Derivative liabilities     104,174       104,174       177,590       177,590  
ABS Issued
                                   
ABS issued – Sequoia     3,728,335       2,800,632       4,508,127       2,967,763  
ABS issued – Acacia     287,620       287,620       346,931       346,931  
Total ABS issued     4,015,955       3,088,252       4,855,058       3,314,694  
Long-term debt     140,000       64,400       150,000       41,628  

For financial reporting purposes, we follow a fair value hierarchy established under GAAP that is used to measure the fair value of the assets and liabilities in the table above. This hierarchy prioritizes relevant market inputs in order to determine an “exit price”, or the price at which an asset could be sold or a liability could be transferred in an orderly process that is not a forced liquidation or distressed sale at the date of measurement. Level 1 inputs are observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets. Level 2 inputs are observable inputs other than quoted prices for an asset or liability that are obtained through corroboration with observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs (e.g., our own data or assumptions) that are used when there is little, if any, relevant market activity for the asset or liability being measured at fair value.

In certain cases, inputs used to measure fair value fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, the level in which the fair value measurement in its entirety falls is determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Our assessment of the significance of a particular input requires judgment and considers factors specific to the asset or liability being measured.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments  – (continued)

The following table presents assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on our consolidated balance sheet on a recurring basis and indicates the fair value hierarchy of the valuation techniques used to measure fair value.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis as of September 30, 2009

       
  Carrying
Value
  Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands)   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3
Assets
                                   
Real estate loans   $ 6,015     $     $     $ 6,015  
Trading securities     275,356                   275,356  
Available-for-sale securities     787,036                   787,036  
Other investments     28,786             28,786        
Derivative assets     9,993             9,913       80  
Liabilities
                                   
ABS issued – Acacia     287,620                   287,620  
Derivative liabilities     104,174             75,446       28,728  

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis as of December 31, 2008

       
  Carrying
Value
  Fair Value Measurements Using
(In Thousands)   Level 1   Level 2   Level 3
Assets
                                   
Real estate loans   $ 11,977     $     $     $ 11,977  
Trading securities     339,654                   339,654  
Available-for-sale securities     232,470                   232,470  
Other investments     78,244             78,244        
Derivative assets     3,071             2,829       242  
Liabilities
                                   
ABS issued – Acacia     346,931                   346,931  
Derivative liabilities     177,590             99,698       77,892  

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments  – (continued)

The following table presents additional information about Level 3 assets and liabilities.

Changes in Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

           
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009
(In Thousands)
  Beginning
Balance
12/31/2008
  Principal
Paydowns
    
Gains (Losses) Included in
  Purchases,
Sales, Other
Settlements
and
Issuances,
Net
  Ending
Balance
9/30/2009
  Net
Income
(Loss)
  Other
Comprehensive
Income
(Loss)
Assets
                                                     
Real estate loans   $ 11,977     $ (243 )    $ (5,719 )    $     $     $ 6,015  
Trading securities     339,654       (72,114 )      7,081             735       275,356  
Available-for-sale securities     232,470       (99,832 )      (58,030 )      137,945       574,483       787,036  
Derivative assets     242             204             (366 )      80  
Liabilities
                                                     
ABS issued – Acacia     346,931       (93,347 )      23,759             10,277       287,620  
Derivative liabilities     77,892             (1,002 )            (48,162 )      28,728  

The following table presents the portion of gains or losses included in our consolidated statement of income (loss) that were attributable to Level 3 assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a recurring basis and still held at September 30, 2009 and 2008. Gains or losses incurred on assets or liabilities sold or otherwise disposed of during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008 are not included in this presentation.

Portion of Gains (Losses) Attributable to Level 3 Assets and Liabilities Still Held at September 30, 2009 and 2008 Included in Net Income (Loss)

       
  Included in Net Income (Loss)
     Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(In Thousands)   2009   2008   2009   2008
Assets
                                   
Real estate loans   $ (1,752 )    $ (4,224 )    $ (5,719 )    $ (8,772 ) 
Trading securities     42,433       (223,028 )      8,939       (1,067,818 ) 
Available-for-sale securities     (9,198 )      (92,794 )      (60,721 )      (218,131 ) 
Derivative assets     (27 )      (142 )      204       66  
Liabilities
                                   
ABS issued – Acacia     (26,656 )      206,924       (23,759 )      1,017,972  
Derivative liabilities     298       (356 )      690       (20,455 ) 

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments  – (continued)

The following table presents information on assets and liabilities recorded at fair value on a non-recurring basis.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis as of September 30, 2009

           
September 30, 2009
(In Thousands)
  Carrying
Value
    
  
  
Fair Value Measurements Using
  Gain (Loss)
  Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2009
  Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2009
  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3
Assets
                                                     
Real estate loans (held-for-sale)   $ 2,299     $     $     $ 2,299     $ (9 )    $ (86 ) 
REO     15,664                   15,664       (574 )      (2,497 ) 

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis as of December 31, 2008

           
December 31, 2008
(In Thousands)
  Carrying
Value
    
  
  
Fair Value Measurements Using
  Gain (Loss)
  Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2008
  Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2008
  Level 1   Level 2   Level 3
Assets
                                                     
Real estate loans (held-for-sale)   $ 2,624     $     $     $ 2,624     $ (415 )    $ (791 ) 
REO     19,264                   19,264       (2,076 )      (3,624 ) 

The following table presents the components of market valuation adjustments, net, recorded in our consolidated statements of income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.

Market Valuation Adjustments, Net

       
  Three Months Ended September 30,   Nine Months Ended September 30,
(In Thousands)   2009   2008   2009   2008
Assets
                                   
Real estate loans (fair value)   $ (1,752 )    $ (4,224 )    $ (5,719 )    $ (8,772 ) 
Real estate loans (held-for-sale)     (582 )      (2,491 )      (2,583 )      (4,416 ) 
Trading securities     42,266       (223,708 )      7,082       (1,087,460 ) 
Impairments on AFS securities     (9,198 )      (92,794 )      (71,470 )      (265,862 ) 
Liabilities
                                   
ABS issued – Acacia     (26,656 )      206,924       (23,759 )      1,021,229  
Derivative instruments, net     (15,136 )      (10,853 )      13,012       (36,290 ) 
Market Valuation Adjustments, Net   $ (11,058 )    $ (127,146 )    $ (83,437 )    $ (381,571 ) 

A description of the instruments measured at fair value as well as the general classification of such instruments pursuant to the Level 1, Level 2, and Level 3 valuation hierarchy is listed below.

Real estate loans
Residential real estate loan fair values are determined by available market quotes and discounted cash flow analyses (Level 3).

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments  – (continued)

Commercial real estate loan fair values are determined by available market quotes and discounted cash flow analyses (Level 3).
Real estate securities
Real estate securities are residential, commercial, CDO, and other asset-backed securities that are illiquid in nature and trade infrequently. Fair values are determined by discounted cash flow analyses and other valuation techniques using market pricing assumptions that are confirmed by third party dealer/pricing indications, to the extent available. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3 in nature, due to the lack of readily available market quotes and related inputs. Relevant market indicators that are factored in the analyses include bid/ask spreads, credit losses, interest rates, and prepayment speeds. Estimated fair values are based on applying the market indicators to generate discounted cash flows (Level 3).
Other investments
Other investments currently include a GIC. Management considers the GIC’s fair value to approximate its contract value, as the GIC earns a variable interest rate of LIBOR less 5 basis points and resets on a monthly basis (Level 2).
Derivative assets and liabilities
Our derivative instruments include interest rate agreements and credit default swaps. Fair values of derivative instruments are determined using valuation models and are verified by valuations provided by dealers active in derivative markets. Valuation models require a variety of inputs, including contractual terms, market prices, yield curves, credit curves, measures of volatility, prepayment rates, and correlations of such inputs. Model inputs for interest rate agreements can generally be verified and model selection does not involve significant management judgment (Level 2). For other derivatives, such as certain CDS, valuations are based on various factors such as liquidity, bid/offer spreads, and credit considerations for which we rely on available market evidence. In the absence of such evidence, management’s best estimate is used (Level 3).
Cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less. Fair values equal carrying values.
Restricted cash
Restricted cash primarily includes interest-earning cash balances in ABS entities and the Fund for the purpose of distribution to bondholders or limited partners, and reinvestment. Due to the short-term nature of the restrictions, fair values approximate carrying values.
Accrued interest receivable and payable
Accrued interest receivable and payable includes interest due on our assets and payable on our liabilities. Due to the short-term nature of when these interest payments will be received or paid, fair values approximate carrying values.
Short-term debt
Short-term debt includes our credit facilities that mature within one year. Short-term debt is generally at an adjustable rate. Fair values approximate carrying values.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 5. Fair Value of Financial Instruments  – (continued)

ABS issued
ABS issued includes asset-backed securities issued through our Sequoia and Acacia programs. These instruments are illiquid in nature and trade infrequently, if at all. Fair values are determined by discounted cash flow analyses and other valuation techniques using market pricing assumptions that are confirmed by third party dealer/pricing indications, to the extent available. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3, due to the nature of these instruments and the lack of readily available market quotes. Relevant market indicators factored into the analyses include dealer price indications to the extent available, bid/ask spreads, external spreads, collateral credit losses, interest rates and collateral prepayment speeds. Estimated fair values are based on applying the market indicators to generate discounted cash flows (Level 3).
Long-term debt
Long-term debt includes our subordinated notes and trust preferred securities. Fair values are determined using comparable market indicators of current pricing. Significant inputs in the valuation analysis are predominantly Level 3 due to the nature of these instruments and the lack of readily available market quotes. Estimated fair values are based on applying the market indicators to generate discounted cash flows (Level 3).
REO
REO includes properties owned in satisfaction of foreclosed loans. Fair values are determined using available market quotes, appraisals, broker price opinions, comparable properties, or other indications of value (Level 3).

Note 6. Real Estate Loans

We invest in residential and commercial real estate loans that we acquire from third party originators. We finance these loans through the Sequoia and Acacia entities that we sponsor or with equity.

The following table summarizes the classifications and carrying value of the residential and commercial real estate loans recorded on our consolidated balance sheets at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.

   
(In Thousands)   September 30,
2009
  December 31,
2008
Residential real estate loans (held-for-sale)   $ 2,299     $ 2,624  
Residential real estate loans (held-for-investment)     3,822,261       4,644,486  
Commercial real estate loans (fair value)     6,015       11,977  
Commercial real estate loans (held-for-investment)     246       249  
Total Real Estate Loans   $ 3,830,821     $ 4,659,336  

Residential Real Estate Loans Held-for-Sale

Residential real estate loans held-for-sale are owned with equity. At September 30, 2009, there were 14 residential loans held-for-sale with $4 million in outstanding principal value and a lower of cost or fair value of $2 million. At December 31, 2008, there were 15 residential loans held-for-sale with $5 million in outstanding principal value and a lower of cost or fair value of $3 million.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 6. Real Estate Loans  – (continued)

Residential Real Estate Loans Held-for-Investment

Residential real estate loans held-for-investment are owned at Sequoia securitization entities that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes. The following table provides additional information on residential real estate loans held-for-investment at September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.

Residential Real Estate Loans Held-for-Investment

   
(In Thousands)   September 30,
2009
  December 31,
2008
Principal value   $ 3,818,759     $ 4,612,564  
Unamortized premium, net     53,394       67,635  
Allowance for loan losses     (49,892 )      (35,713 ) 
Carrying Value   $ 3,822,261     $ 4,644,486  

At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, the carrying value of our held-for-investment loans was $3.8 billion and $4.6 billion, respectively. The difference is primarily due to the deconsolidation of $439 million of real estate loans in the second quarter of 2009, as result of a sale of variable interests in a Sequoia securitization, and principal paydowns on the loans.

Of the $3.8 billion of principal face and $53 million of unamortized premium on these loans at September 30, 2009, $1.9 billion of principal face and $35 million of unamortized premium relates to residential loans acquired prior to July 1, 2004. During the first nine months of 2009, 8% of these residential loans prepaid and we amortized 26% of the premium based upon the accounting elections we apply. For residential loans acquired after July 1, 2004, the principal face was $1.9 billion and the unamortized premium was $18 million at September 30, 2009. During the first nine months of 2009, 25% of these residential loans prepaid and we amortized 8% of the premium. Of the $4.6 billion of principal face and $68 million of unamortized premium on these loans at December 31, 2008, $2.0 billion of principal face and $48 million of unamortized premium relates to residential loans acquired prior to July 1, 2004, and $2.6 billion of principal face and $20 million of unamortized premium relates to residential loans acquired after July 1, 2004.

Commercial Real Estate Loans at Fair Value

Commercial real estate loans at fair value are owned at Acacia entities that we consolidate for financial reporting purposes. On January 1, 2008, we elected the fair value option for loans at Acacia and record them at their estimated fair values. Prior to 2008, these loans were classified as held-for-investment. At September 30, 2009, there were five commercial loans at fair value with an outstanding principal value of $26 million and a fair value of $6 million, and one of which has been delinquent since May 2009. At December 31, 2008, there were five commercial loans at fair value, with an outstanding principal of $27 million and a fair value of $12 million, and none of which were delinquent.

Commercial Real Estate Loans Held-for-Investment

Commercial real estate loans held-for-investment are owned with equity. The following table provides additional information on commercial real estate loans held-for-investment as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 6. Real Estate Loans  – (continued)

Commercial Real Estate Loans Held-for-Investment

   
(In Thousands)   September 30,
2009
  December 31,
2008
Principal value   $ 11,092     $ 11,098  
Unamortized discount     (357 )      (360 ) 
Discount designated as credit reserve     (8,141 )      (8,141 ) 
Allowance for loan losses     (2,348 )      (2,348 ) 
Carrying Value   $ 246     $ 249  

At September 30, 2009, there were two commercial loans held-for-investment with $11 million in outstanding principal value and a carrying value of $0.2 million. During the first quarter of 2007, we fully reserved for an anticipated loss on a $10 million mezzanine commercial loan, which was originated to finance a condominium-conversion project. We do not expect to recover any outstanding principal upon completion and sale of the condominium units, and thus maintained the allowance as of September 30, 2009.

Note 7. Allowance for Loan Losses

We establish an allowance for loan losses on our residential and commercial loans held-for-investment based on our estimate of losses incurred in these loan portfolios.

Activity in the Allowance for Losses on Residential Loans

At September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008, all residential loans classified as held-for-investment were owned by Sequoia entities. The following table summarizes the activity in the allowance for loan losses on residential loans held-for-investment for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.

       
  Three Months Ended
September 30,
  Nine Months Ended
September 30,
(In Thousands)   2009   2008   2009   2008
Balance at beginning of period   $ 45,877     $ 32,597     $ 35,713     $ 18,282  
Charge-offs, net     (5,983 )      (4,049 )      (11,602 )      (7,853 ) 
Provision for loan losses     9,998       18,333       40,576       36,452  
Deconsolidation adjustment                 (14,795 )       
Balance at End of Period   $ 49,892     $ 46,881     $ 49,892     $ 46,881  

Serious delinquencies on consolidated Sequoia loans were $145 million and $143 million as of September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Serious delinquencies include loans delinquent more than 90 days and in foreclosure. As a percentage of outstanding loan balances, serious delinquencies were 3.79% and 2.36% at September 30, 2009 and 2008, respectively.

When foreclosure is pursued in full satisfaction for a defaulted loan, we estimate the specific loan loss, if any, based on estimated net proceeds from the sale of the property (including accrued but unpaid interest and other costs), and charge this specific estimated loss against the allowance for loan losses. During the nine months ended September 30, 2009, there were $12 million of charge-offs that reduced our allowance for loan losses. These charge-offs arose from $41 million of defaulted loan principal. Foreclosed property is subsequently recorded as REO, a component of other assets.

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 7. Allowance for Loan Losses  – (continued)

Activity in the Allowance for Losses on Commercial Loans

There was no activity in the allowance for loan losses for our commercial loans for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009 and 2008.

Note 8. Real Estate Securities

We invest in third party residential, commercial, and CDO securities. The following table presents the fair values of our real estate securities by collateral type and entity as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.

       
September 30, 2009
(In Thousands)
  Redwood   The Fund   Acacia   Total
Securities
Residential   $ 732,297     $ 35,832     $ 202,074     $ 970,203  
Commercial     16,833             54,275       71,108  
CDO     2,137       5,250       13,694       21,081  
Total Real Estate Securities   $ 751,267     $ 41,082     $ 270,043     $ 1,062,392  

       
December 31, 2008
(In Thousands)
  Redwood   The Fund   Acacia   Total
Securities
Residential   $ 144,885     $ 36,172     $ 244,523     $ 425,580  
Commercial     42,490             67,889       110,379  
CDO     3,610       11,318       21,237       36,165  
Total Real Estate Securities   $ 190,985     $ 47,490     $ 333,649     $ 572,124  

The following table presents our securities by trading and AFS, collateral type, and entity as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.

           
September 30, 2009
(In Thousands)
  Trading   AFS
  Redwood   Acacia   Total   Redwood   The Fund   Total
Senior Securities
                                                     
Residential prime   $     $ 5,193     $ 5,193     $ 336,660     $     $ 336,660  
Residential non-prime     2,501       95,880       98,381       276,499       27,252       303,751  
Commercial           9,196       9,196                    
Total Senior Securities     2,501       110,269       112,770       613,159       27,252       640,411  
Re-REMIC Securities                       93,507             93,507  
Subordinate Securities
                                                     
Residential prime     476       31,330       31,806       21,449             21,449  
Residential non-prime     225       69,671       69,896       981       8,580       9,561  
Commercial           45,079       45,079       16,833             16,833  
CDO     2,111       13,694       15,805       25       5,250       5,275  
Total Subordinate Securities     2,812       159,774       162,586       39,288       13,830       53,118  
Total Real Estate Securities   $ 5,313     $ 270,043     $ 275,356     $ 745,954     $ 41,082     $ 787,036  

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REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 8. Real Estate Securities  – (continued)

           
December 31, 2008
(In Thousands)
  Trading   AFS
  Redwood   Acacia   Total   Redwood   The Fund   Total
Senior Securities
                                                     
Residential prime   $ 60     $ 11,934     $ 11,994     $ 50,904     $     $ 50,904  
Residential non-prime     905       90,638       91,543       41,915       26,531       68,446  
Commercial           7,540       7,540                    
Total Senior Securities     965       110,112       111,077       92,819       26,531       119,350  
Subordinate Securities
                                                     
Residential prime     1,141       44,983       46,124       42,646             42,646  
Residential non-prime     314       96,968       97,282       7,000       9,641       16,641  
Commercial           60,349       60,349       42,490             42,490  
CDO     3,585       21,237       24,822       25       11,318       11,343  
Total Subordinate Securities     5,040       223,537       228,577       92,161       20,959       113,120  
Total Real Estate Securities   $ 6,005     $ 333,649     $ 339,654     $ 184,980     $ 47,490     $ 232,470  

Senior securities are those interests in a securitization that have the first right to cash flows and are last in line to absorb losses. Re-REMIC securities that we currently own were created through the resecuritization of certain senior interests to provide additional credit support to those interests. These re-REMIC securities are therefore subordinate to the remaining senior interest, but senior to any subordinate tranches of the securitization from which they were created. Subordinate securities (generally rated AA and lower) are all interests below senior and re-REMIC interests. At September 30, 2009 all of our real estate securities had contractual maturities over ten years, except for less than $1 million of residential securities that had contractual maturities greater than 5 years but less than 10 years.

AFS Securities

When we purchase a credit-sensitive AFS security at a significant discount to its face value, we often do not amortize into income a significant portion of this discount that we are entitled to earn but do not expect to collect due to the inherent credit risk of the security. We may also expense a portion of our investment in the security to the extent we believe that principal losses will exceed the purchase discount. We designate the amount of principal face that we do not amortize into income as a credit reserve on the security, with any remaining net unamortized discounts or premiums amortized into income over time using the interest method.

The following table presents the components of carrying value (which equals fair value) of AFS securities as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.

       
September 30, 2009
(In Thousands)
  Residential   Commercial   CDO   Total
Current face   $ 1,741,642     $ 486,245     $ 89,343     $ 2,317,230  
Credit reserve     (570,859 )      (471,957 )      (86,989 )      (1,129,805 ) 
Net unamortized (discount) premium     (446,587 )      (1,624 )      8,537       (439,674 ) 
Amortized cost     724,196       12,664       10,891       747,751  
Gross unrealized gains     93,256       4,169       25       97,450  
Gross unrealized losses     (52,524 )            (5,641 )      (58,165 ) 
Carrying Value   $ 764,928     $ 16,833     $ 5,275     $ 787,036  

26


 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 8. Real Estate Securities  – (continued)

       
December 31, 2008
(In Thousands)
  Residential   Commercial   CDO   Total
Current face   $ 1,146,071     $ 514,169     $ 92,522     $ 1,752,762  
Credit reserve     (731,468 )      (497,047 )      (59,828 )      (1,288,343 ) 
Net unamortized (discount) premium     (211,262 )      35,069       (18,056 )      (194,249 ) 
Amortized cost     203,341       52,191       14,638       270,170  
Gross unrealized gains     7,989       2,308       19       10,316  
Gross unrealized losses     (32,693 )      (12,009 )      (3,314 )      (48,016 ) 
Carrying Value   $ 178,637     $ 42,490     $ 11,343     $ 232,470  

The following table presents the changes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2009, of the unamortized discount and designated credit reserves on AFS securities.

Changes in Unamortized Discount and Designated Credit Reserves on AFS Securities

           
Three Months Ended September 30, 2009
(In Thousands)
  Residential   Commercial   CDO
  Credit
Reserve
  Unamortized
Discount Net
  Credit
Reserve
  Unamortized
Discount Net
  Credit
Reserve
  Unamortized
Discount Net
Beginning balance – June 30, 2009   $ 597,916     $ 413,539     $ 492,458     $ 121     $ 86,996     $ (8,332 ) 
Amortization of net discount           (9,993 )            849             (431 ) 
Realized credit losses     (92,181 )            (20,501 )                   
Acquisitions     21,274       129,343                          
Sales, calls, other     (7,818 )      (42,992 )                  32        
Impairments     8,358             654             187        
Transfers to (release of) credit reserves     43,310       (43,310 )      (654 )      654       (226 )      226  
Ending Balance – September 30, 2009   $ 570,859     $ 446,587     $ 471,957     $ 1,624     $ 86,989     $ (8,537 ) 

           
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2009
(In Thousands)
  Residential   Commercial   CDO
  Credit
Reserve
  Unamortized
Discount Net
  Credit
Reserve
  Unamortized
Discount Net
  Credit
Reserve
  Unamortized
Discount Net
Beginning balance – December 31, 2008   $ 731,468     $ 211,262     $ 497,047     $ (35,069 )    $ 59,828     $ 18,056  
Cumulative adjustment – accounting change           (59,949 )                        (1,011 ) 
Amortization of net discount           (24,394 )            6,687             (648 ) 
Realized credit losses     (355,623 )            (27,924 )            (3,000 )       
Acquisitions     105,634       467,763                          
Sales, calls, other     (13,159 )      (79,082 )                  124        
Impairments     33,526             32,840             5,103        
Transfers to (release of) credit reserves     69,013       (69,013 )      (30,006 )      30,006       24,934       (24,934 ) 
Ending Balance – September 30, 2009   $ 570,859     $ 446,587     $ 471,957     $ 1,624     $ 86,989     $ (8,537 ) 

27


 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

REDWOOD TRUST, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
  
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
September 30, 2009
(Unaudited)

Note 8. Real Estate Securities  – (continued)

The loans underlying our residential subordinate securities totaled $81 billion at September 30, 2009, consisting of $73 billion prime and $8 billion non-prime loans. These loans are located nationwide with a large concentration in California (47%). Serious delinquencies (90+ days, in foreclosure or REO) at September 30, 2009 were 6.73% of current principal balances. For loans in prime pools, serious delinquencies were 4.23% of current balances. For loans in non-prime pools, serious delinquencies were 30.11% of current balances. The loans underlying our commercial subordinate securities totaled $47 billion at September 30, 2009, and consist primarily of office (39%), retail (29%), and multifamily (15%) commercial loans. These loans are located nationwide. Serious delinquencies (60+ days and in foreclosure or REO) at September 30, 2009 were 3.63% of current principal balances.

The following table presents the components comprising the carrying value of AFS securities that were in an unrealized loss position as of September 30, 2009 and December 31, 2008.

AFS Securities with Unrealized Losses

           
September 30, 2009
(In Thousands)
  Less Than 12 Consecutive Months   12 Consecutive Months or Longer
  Total
Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Total
Fair Value
  Total
Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Total
Fair Value
Residential   $ 123,226     $ (41,413 )    $ 81,813     $ 34,146     $ (11,111 )    $ 23,035  
Commercial                                    
CDO     10,891       (5,641 )      5,250                    
Total Securities   $ 134,117     $ (47,054 )    $ 87,063     $ 34,146     $ (11,111 )    $ 23,035  

           
December 31, 2008
(In Thousands)
  Less Than 12 Consecutive Months   12 Consecutive Months or Longer
  Total
Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Total
Fair Value
  Total
Amortized
Cost
  Gross
Unrealized
Losses
  Total
Fair Value
Residential   $ 100,635     $ (32,693 )    $ 67,942     $     $     $  
Commercial     38,001       (12,009 )      25,992                    
CDO     14,351       (3,314 )      11,037                    
Total Securities   $ 152,987     $ (48,016 )    $ 104,971     $